Marketing Strategy Study Guide

MKT 850 Study Guide Chapter 5 * SWOT Analysis: * One of the most valuable instruments in examining promoting information and data * Links company’s circumstance investigation and advancement of advertising plan * Uses organized data to reveal upper hands and guide determination of the vital focal point of the showcasing procedure. * Broken down into: * Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats * Productive SWOT (administrator should†¦) : * Use a progression of SWOT examinations concentrating on explicit item/advertise blends * Search for contenders both present and future Collaborate with other useful territories by sharing data and points of view * Examine issues from the clients viewpoint by asking workers: * What do clients accept about us as an organization? * Which of our shortcomings convert into a diminished capacity to serve clients? * Looks for causes not qualities considering the organizations assets for each part * Separate inside and outside issues util izing this key test: * Would this issue exist if the firm didn't exist? * If indeed, issue named outer * Strengths and Weaknesses: Exist on account of assets by the firm, or because of the idea of key connections between the firm and its clients/workers/outside associations * May be utilized into abilities (qualities) or survive (shortcomings) * Meaningful just when they help or upset the firm in fulfilling client needs * Opportunities and Threats: * Not potential promoting activities. Issues/circumstances that happen in the firm’s outer situations. * Not overlooked as the firm becomes involved with creating qualities and capacities inspired by a paranoid fear of making a productive, yet incapable association. Originate from changes in the serious, client, financial, political/lawful, mechanical, and sociocultural situations. * SWOT Matrix: * Allows showcasing administrator to envision the examination * Serves as an impetus to manage the making of advertising techniques that will create wanted outcomes. * Allows administrator to perceive how qualities and openings may be associated with make abilities that are vital to addressing client needs * Assesses the size and significance of every quality/frail/opp/danger. * Competitive Advantage: Capabilities in relations to those held by the opposition * Based on both inner and outside variables * Based on the real world and client recognition * Based on the fundamental techniques of operational greatness, item authority, and client closeness. * Strategic Focus Establishment * Based on building up a general idea or model that controls the firm as it meshes different promoting components together into a sound procedure * Tied to firm’s upper hand * Use consequences of SWOT as firm thinks about four headings of key endeavors: * Aggressiveness Diversification * Turnaround * Defensiveness * Ensures the firm doesn't step past center qualities to consider openings outside its capacities * Visualized using a me thodology canvas where the objective is to build up a worth bend that is unmistakable from the opposition * Downplay conventional industry serious factors for new methodologies * Lays preparation for advancement of advertising objectives and goal, interfaces SWOT results to the remainder of the showcasing plan. * Marketing Goals: Broad, wanted achievements began when all is said in done terms. * Indicate the bearing the firm endeavors to move in, just as the arrangement of needs will use in assessing option and deciding. * Should be feasible, sensible, inside reliable, extensive, and explain the jobs of all gatherings in the association. * Involves some level of elusiveness * Marketing Objectives: * Specific and quantitative benchmarks that can be utilized to measure progress toward the accomplishment of the promoting objectives * Should be achievable with sensible exertion Continuous or intermittent relying upon how much they leave from present targets * Assigned to explicit zones, offices, or people who have the obligation to achieve them Chapter Six * Buyer Behavior in Consumer Markets: * Often unreasonable and capricious as shoppers state a certain something and do another * Progress through five phases: * Need Recognition * Information Search * Evaluation of Alternatives * Purchase Decision * Post Purchase Evaluation Don’t consistently follow these phases all together or may skip stages * May be portrayed by reliability where buyers basically buy a similar item that they purchased last time * Involves equal sequencing of exercises with finding the most appropriate trader. * Consider what item they need, and where to get it * Can happen if a customer is savagely faithful to a vendor * Can be influenced by: * Complexity of the buy and dynamic procedure * Demographics, Psychographics, and Sociocultural components * Social impacts: culture, social class, family, sentiment pioneers, reference gatherings. Situational impacts: physical and spatial impacts , social and individual impacts, time, buy task/utilization, buyer manner * Consumers Wants and Needs: * Shouldn’t characterize needs as necessities since everybody has an alternate point of view on what comprises a need * Needs happen when a customers current degree of fulfillment doesn’t equivalent their ideal level * Wants are shoppers want for a particular item that will fulfill a particular need * Firm should comprehend fundamental needs satisfied by its items. Permits firm to fragment showcases and make promoting programs that show needs into needs for their item * Most items are advertised based on needs not need satisfaction * Wants are not equivalent to request * Demand: happens when the shoppers capacity and readiness to pay backs up a need for a particular item * Information Search: * Passive and Active: * Passive-buyer become progressively mindful and open to data * Active-purchaser connects increasingly forceful looking for data search * Depends on a few i ssues: Degree of hazard * Level of mastery * Actual expense of search (time and cash) * Culminates in an evoked arrangement of appropriate purchasing choices * Evaluation of Alternatives: * Translates needs into needs for explicit items or brands * Evaluate items as groups of traits that have fluctuating capacities to fulfill their requirements * Priority of every buyers decision standards can change * Want the item to be in the evoked arrangement of potential choices * Constantly help them to remember their organization and items * Purchase Stage: Intent to buy and the genuine demonstration of purchasing are unmistakable ideas * Key issues: * item accessibility: how simple is it to get the item where the shopper is * ownership utility: how simple is it to move possession * Postpurchase Evaluation: * Outcome of purchasing process is connected to the advancement of long haul client connections. Intently follow customers’ reactions to screen execution and capacity to meet custo mers’ desires * Will encounter one expected results: Delight, fulfillment, disappointment, or subjective cacophony * Business Markets: * Purchase items for their utilization in their activities, such as purchasing crude materials, purchasing office supplies, or renting vehicles * Consists of four kinds of purchasers: * Commercial markets * Reseller markets * Government markets * Institutional markets * Four extraordinary attributes not found in shopper markets: * The purchaser place: financial purchasers, specialized purchasers, and clients * Hard and delicate expenses are similarly significant Hard-money related cost or buy costs * Soft-personal time, opportunity costs, HR costs * Reciprocity: business purchasers and merchants frequently purchase items from one another * Mutual reliance: sole-source or constrained source purchasing makes both purchasing and selling firms commonly subordinate * Business Buying Process: * Sequence of Stages: * Problem Recognition * Development of item details * Vendor recognizable proof and capability * Solicitation of proposition and offers * Vendor choice Order handling * Vendor execution audit * Can be influenced by a few elements including: natural conditions, authoritative elements, and relational/singular variables * Market Segmentation: procedure of partitioning the absolute market for a specific item or item classification into generally homogeneous portions or gatherings * Groups ought to have comparative individuals, yet bunches must be divergent from one another * Fundamental choice of whether to fragment at all Allows firms to be increasingly effective because of the way that they can tailor items to address the issues of a specific market section * Traditional market division approach: * Used effectively for a considerable length of time, not obsolete, and are utilized by numerous individuals of today’s best firms * Can be utilized in mix with more up to date approaches by the firm, contingent upon th e brand/item or market being referred to * Successful division: Must be recognizable and quantifiable * Substantial * Accessible * Responsive * Viable and economical * Avoid moral/lawfully touchy portions * Avoid suitable sections that don’t coordinate firm’s strategic Mass Marketing: no division and is focused on the all out market for an item * Undifferentiated methodology accept all clients have comparative needs/needs * Works best when requirements are moderately homogeneous Advantage-creation productivity and lower promoting costs * Disadvantage-hazardous on the grounds that a normalized item is powerless against contenders that offer particular items that better match customers’ needs * Differentiated Marketing: isolates the all out market into gatherings of clients having generally homogenous necessities, endeavoring to build up an advertising program that interests to at least one of these gatherings * Necessary when client needs are comparative inside a solitary gathering, however the necessities vary across bunches * Two choices: * Multi-section approach * Market fixation approach Niche Marketing: concentrating endeavors on one little, all around characterized

Explain These Terms Essay Example for Free

Clarify These Terms Essay †¢ Speech †A strategy for verbally conveying to clarify needs, needs, feelings in an enunciated way †¢ Language †A strategy for conveying either in a verbal or composed way organized in a reasonable way to communicate the people point †¢ Communication †A strategy for communicating emotions, feelings, or data utilizing either verbal or non verbal structures for example non-verbal communication or outward appearances †¢ Speech, language, and correspondence needs †Shows manners by which an individual may require help to convey by either detailing sentences or utilizing sounds to make words so as to arrive sentiments or suppositions over. This will show which territories they require help so as to have a full technique for imparting. 1. Clarify how discourse, language and relational abilities bolster every one of the accompanying territories in children’s improvement †¢ Learning †Speech, language and correspondence empowers a kid to build up a comprehension of the world by having the option to pose inquiries to assemble feelings yet in addition a comprehension. It additionally permits them to work there own connections and offer data. This makes them ready to communicate feeling and create thoughts which permit them to take care of issues. †¢ Emotions †Being ready to communicate feelings through discourse, language and interchanges empowers a youngster to assemble certainty and a confidence to become who they need to be. By building up their correspondence it implies that the youngster likewise comprehends what are socially adequate gauges and the social standards of how to show the feelings. For example it is adequate for a little child to pitch a temper fit in the road because of tiredness yet when the individual grows up it isn't socially satisfactory so this empowers them to create habits of communicating feelings without crying or having a strap. †¢ Behavior †Children can utilize their discourse, language, and relational abilities to assist them with seeing good and bad. By doing this it empowers them to comprehend what they have fouled up and the ramifications for their activities. A case of this could be understanding the word no and mischievous. †¢ Social †Being ready to utilize discourse, language, and correspondence in a social way will permit them to make kinships. By picking up companionships they will likewise get familiar with a comprehension of how individuals like to be dealt with. Utilizing language in a social perspective permits kids to learn new things yet additionally permits them to learn off other

Reminding or Deleting Recommendation Letter Writers COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Reminding or Deleting Recommendation Letter Writers COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Our online application system makes it easy to send reminder messages to those you have asked to compose letters of recommendation for your application to SIPA.   You can also easily delete a recommender if it turns out they will not be able to submit a letter on your behalf. All you have to do to perform these actions is to log into the application site with your PIN and password, click on the Application for Admission link on the top of the page and then click on the Recommendations link on the left menu. When you click on the Recommendations link you will be taken to a new window. Then click on the Recommendation Provider List button and you will see the following: Simply click on the resend button and an automated message will go out to the email address you have provided for each recommender yet to submit a letter. Please do note that it is a good idea to let recommenders know to look for an email message Apply Yourself. If you wish to delete a recommender simply click their name and hit the Delete button. After doing this you will then be able to add a new recommender.

The Good and Bad of a School Principal Job

I love being a principal of a school. There is nothing else that I want be doing at this point in my life. This does not mean that I enjoy every aspect of my job. There are certainly aspects that I could do without, but the positives far outweigh the negatives for me. This is my dream job. Being the principal of a school is demanding, but it is also rewarding. You must be thick skinned, hard working, diligent, flexible, and creative to be a good principal. It is not a job for just anyone. There are days that I question my decision to become a principal. However, I always bounce back knowing that the reasons I love being a principal are more powerful than the reasons I hate it. Reasons I Love Being a Principal of a School I love making a difference. It is fulfilling to see the aspects that I have a direct hand in making a positive impact on students, teachers, and the school as a whole. I love collaborating with teachers, offering feedback, and seeing them grow and improve in their classroom from day to day and year to year. I enjoy investing time in a difficult student and seeing them mature and grow to the point that they lose that label. I am proud when a program I helped create flourishes and evolves into a significant component of the school. I love having a larger impact. As a teacher, I made a positive impact on the students I taught. As a principal, I have made a positive impact on the entire school. I am involved with every aspect of the school in some way. Hiring new teachers, evaluating teachers, writing school policy, and establishing programs to meet school-wide needs all impact the school as a whole. These things likely will go unnoticed by others when I make the right decision, but it is satisfying to see others being positively impacted by a decision I made. I love working with people. I love working with the different groups of people that I am able to as a principal. This includes other administrators, teachers, support staff, students, parents, and community members. Each sub-group requires me to approach them differently, but I enjoy the collaboration with all of them. I realized early on that I work with people as opposed to against them. This has helped shape my overall educational leadership philosophy. I enjoy building and maintaining healthy relationships with the constituents of my school. I love being a problem solver. Every day brings about a different set of challenges as a principal. I have to be adept at problem solving to get through each day. I love coming up with creative solutions, which are often outside the box. Teachers, parents, and students come to me on a daily basis seeking answers. I must be able to provide them with quality solutions that will satisfy the problems they have. I love motivating students. I enjoy finding entertaining and unusual ways to motivate my students. Over the years, I’ve spent a cold November night on the roof of the school, jumped out of an airplane, dressed like a woman, and sang Karaoke to Carly Rae Jepsen’s Call Me Maybe in front of the entire school. It has generated a lot of buzz and the students absolutely love it. I know that I look crazy while I am doing these things, but I want my students to be excited about coming to school, reading books, etc. and these things have been effective motivational tools. I love the pay check. My gross salary was $24,000 the first year I taught. It is hard for me to fathom how I survived. Luckily, I was single at the time, or it would have been difficult. The money is certainly better now. I am not a principal for the pay check, but I cannot deny that making more money is an enormous benefit to becoming an administrator. I work extremely hard for the money that I make, but my family is able to live comfortably with some extras that my parents were never able to afford when I was a kid. Reasons I Hate Being a Principal of a School I hate playing politics. Unfortunately, there are many aspects of public education that is political. In my opinion, politics dilutes education. As a principal, I understand that it is necessary to be political in many cases. There are many times that I want to call parents out on when they come to my office and blow smoke about how they are going to handle their child. I refrain from this because I know that it is not in the school’s best interest to do so. It is not always easy to bite your tongue, but sometimes it is best. I hate dealing with the negative. I deal with complaints on a daily basis. It is a large part of my job, but there are days when it becomes overwhelming. Teachers, students, and parents like to gripe and moan about each other continuously. I feel confident in my ability to handle and smooth things over. I am not one of those that sweep things under the rug. I spend the necessary time to investigate any complaint, but these investigations can be time daunting and time consuming. I hate being the bad guy. My family and I recently went on vacation to Florida. We were watching a street performer when he picked me to help him with a part of his act. He asked me my name and what I did. When I told him I was a principal, I got booed by the audience. It is sad that being a principal has such a negative stigma associated to it. I have to make difficult decisions every day, but they are often based on mistakes of others. I hate standardized testing. I loathe standardized testing. I believe that standardized tests should not be the end all evaluation tool for schools, administrators, teachers, and students. At the same time, I understand that we live in an era with an overemphasis of standardized testing. As a principal, I feel that I am forced to push that overemphasis of standardized testing on my teachers and on my students. I feel like a hypocrite for doing so, but I understand that current academic success is measured by testing performance whether I believe it is right or not. I hate telling teachers no because of a budget. Education is an investment. It is an unfortunate reality that many schools do not have the technology, curriculum, or teachers necessary to maximize learning opportunities for students due to a budget shortfall. Most teachers spend a significant amount of their own money to buy things for their classroom when the district tells them no. I have had to tell teachers no, when I knew they had a fantastic idea, but our budget just would not cover the expense. I have a hard time doing that at the expense of our students. I hate the time it takes away from my family. A good principal spends a lot of time in his office when no one else is in the building. They are often the first one to arrive and the last to leave. They attend almost every extra curricular event. I know that my job requires a significant investment of time. This investment of time takes time away from my family. My wife and boys understand, and I am appreciative of that. It is not always easy, but I try to ensure a balance of my time between work and family.

Ancient Inscriptions, Epigraphy, and Papyrology

Globalisation Essay Positive and Negative Impacts on the developing world Free Essays

string(59) " development indicators in Bertucci Alberti 2001\)\." Globalisation Essay: The Positive and Negative Impacts of Globalisation on the Developing World What is Globalisation? Free 3000 words Globalisation Essay: The concept of globalization is currently a popular but very controversial issue, and has been one of the most widely debated issues since communism collapsed. ‘Debates currently raging about globalization include whether it even exists, whether it is more important now than at some earlier date, whether it is displacing the nation state, and whether it is more important than regionalism or localism’ (Stallings 2000). It means different things to different people, but in most cases remain a loose and ill-defined concept. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalisation Essay: Positive and Negative Impacts on the developing world or any similar topic only for you Order Now Globalization has several definitions, but an undisputable fact which everyone agrees to is the fact that it is a complex process that has wide and varying impacts on economies, both developed and developing. Looking critically at the concept, globalization in its broadest sense can be said to be a prismatic, complex, and multidisciplinary topic. It can be examined from several angles which includes not only economic, the most common viewpoint, but also social, cultural, ideological and political ones. James Rosenau, a foremost political scientist, defined globalization as ‘a label that is presently in vogue to account for peoples, activities, norms, ideas, goods, services, and currencies that are decreasingly confined to a geographic space and its local and established practices’ (Stallings 2000). For those looking at it from the economic angle, it refers to the increasingly internationalized character of the emerging global economy. To the lawyers, it has to do with ‘the threatened changes in legal status of states and their citizens† (Saker et al. 2004). It means different things to different people, but the bottom-line is that these disciplinary-based viewpoin ts fail to take into consideration the multiplicity and complexity of change processes, and therefore fail to appreciate their effects, both directly and indirectly. Globalization is widely accepted and referred to as ‘the widening, deepening and speeding up of world-wide interconnectedness in all aspects of contemporary social life, from the cultural to the criminal, the financial to the spiritual’ (Lawal, 2006). This widely accepted definition shows the way in which globalization today connects the cultures and communities in one corner of the world to development occurring in another country. Globalisation Essay: Globalisation and world wide interdependence Globalization is truly a complex phenomenon ‘which encompasses a great variety of tendencies and trends in the economic, social and cultural spheres’ (Bertucci Alberti 2001). It is dynamic and unpredictable, although not entirely disordered. Four major factors have been identified to be the driving forces pushing forward worldwide interdependence. They include entrepreneurship, liberalization of trade and investment, technological innovation, and global social networks (Bertucci Alberti 2001). Although it is believed in many quarters that the two major forces behind globalization are entrepreneurship and technological innovation, these two alone cannot give an explanation of the process of improved economic integration. Through the elaboration and adoption of market-oriented policies and regulations at both the international and local levels, the national governments have played a very vital role in allowing greater interdependence and economic integration of specific activities (Bertucci Alberti 2001). The most formidable force is the economic dimension of globalization as it is the driving force for both the social and political aspects (Ibrahim 2006). Taking Africa for example, European cultures were able to find their ways into the innermost regions as a result of the colonisation of various countries which was triggered by the European industrial revolution. Globalisation Essay: Globalisation and Worldwide Development Globalisation today has now cleared the way for worldwide development, but the progress is not â€Å"even† as some nations are getting integrated into the global economy faster than others as shown by these countries’ fast economic growth and reduced poverty levels (Lawal 2006). This then means that globalization does not hold the same benefits for all members of the global community. It holds more benefit for members of developed nations while developing nations can be said to be in a rather deprived position. But looking closely at the impacts of globalisation on developing countries, one would observe both sides of the coin, in that it has both positive and negative impacts. Globalisation has had a lot of positive effects on developing countries. For instance, it played a significant role in the ability of some countries to achieve independence. Taking the case of Ghana for example, ‘the end of the Second World War was significant for Ghana’s gaining independence and a turning point in the history of the Gold Coast’ (Ofosu 2010). And just like Scholte argued that situations occurring in a country thousands of miles have a way of affecting the economic, social and political situations in one’s country, the rising up of capitalism in the United States and Socialism/Communism in the Soviet republics were to Ghana’s benefit as they assisted in the achievement of independence. The same thing for Nigeria, Rwanda, and a whole lot of other developing countries in which occurring world events positively impacted their abilities to achieve self-rulership. Another positive impact of globalization on developing countries is an increase in standard of living. One of the aims of globalization of economies is to reduce poverty, and this aim is being achieved by the increased access to foreign funding from industrialized nations to developing countries. And the spending of these funds on improving the education, health, social, and transport infrastructure of the developing nations aids in improving the standard of living of the people. Thanks to globalization, developing countries now have access to new markets. And this has been taken full advantage of by several nations (Bertucci Alberti 2001). This opening allows the transnational movement of labour, foreign capital, new technology and management to developing countries from the more industrialized nations. There is now an increase in the inflow of foreign direct investment to developing countries as more than a quarter of world foreign direct investment inflows were received between 1988 and 1989 and this has increased yearly (World development indicators in Bertucci Alberti 2001). You read "Globalisation Essay: Positive and Negative Impacts on the developing world" in category "Essay examples" From US $12 billion in 1980, private capital flows to developing countries increased to US $140 billion by 1997 (Bertucci Alberti 2001). The only catch to this is that the bulk of these capital flows so far is strictly limited to a small number of developing countries , especially the big ones such as Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa, India, Brazil, China, etc. ‘The report on financing for development prepared for the UN Secretary-General notes that, during the period 1993 to 1998, 20 countries accounted for over 70 per cent of all FDI inflows to all developing countries’ (Bertucci Alberti 2001). Globalisation Essay: Effects of globalisation on world trade Again looking at the effect of globalisation on world trade, and indirectly on trade in developing countries, it is quite obvious that it enhances economic growth. One of the emphasis of globalization is that member countries should open their markets to ensure open trading free of limitations. In this regard, liberalisation of trade would lead to the removal of all restrictions, causing unrestricted forces of demand supply to direct the movement and substitution of the factors of production, leading to efficient investment by producers (Mubiru 2003). This is clearly evident in developing countries such as Uganda in which reduced trade restrictions has lead to a large improvement in the nation’s economy (Lawal 2006). Again, from the positive impact of globalisation on trade, there is an ‘emerging trend towards trade in production components’ (Mubiru 2003). Reduction in trade restrictions in a lot of developing countries lead to the partial relocation of several manufacturers from more industrialized nations to new locations in developing countries. This may have arisen as a result of tax exemptions or reduced tariffs offered by many developing countries in order to encourage foreign investors, or increased proximity to cheap labour and occasionally consumers. And the resultant benefits to the host developing nations are numerous. One is an increase in employment opportunities for the indigenes as there is creation of more jobs. Also, influx of foreign manufacturers may also lead to the import of new technology. And with transfer of new technology from developed countries comes more opportunities for training for local employees. ‘Quite often manufacturing subsidiaries have also been linked to establishment of distribution networks that expand employment even further’ (Mubiru 2003). This, in some cases, has lead to impaction of entire regions at a time, causing the benefits to go beyond national boundaries. Taking this further, the slackening of barriers to various other products and sectors, especially agricultural products, would lead to immense gains to developing nations. Globalisation Essay: Globalisation and global competition In addition, globalisation leads to global competition, and in the long run, to local competition, ensuring the improvement of creative abilities and innovative capabilities. Competition between producers of commodities ensures the quality of the products and services at reduced prices, leading to specialisation and efficiency. Other positive impacts of globalization on developing countries include better access to foreign culture and entertainment through television broadcasts, music, clothing, movies, etc; increased cooperation between governments and the ability to work with better focus towards the achievement of common goals; and diffusion of knowledge and technical know-how among member countries, especially the less-privileged countries. Much has been said about improvement in technology but globalisation also improves communication as it leads to faster means of communicating and travel. But as much as globalization holds a lot of opportunities, it has a lot of negative effects which several sceptics have used to criticize the concept and its â€Å"so-called benefits†, especially to developing nations. As stated earlier, globalization is somewhat partial as industrialized nations benefit more from it than developing countries. This uneven impact is well demonstrated by the rise of India and China ‘which reveals highly uneven distribution of the benefits of globalization among countries’ (Globalization and its impact 2004). Globalisation Essay: Globalisation negative impacts on developing countries One of the major negative impacts of globalization on developing countries is poverty. Globalization has been said to increase poverty. A former United nations Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, stated that: â€Å". . . at present, only a relatively small number of countries are enjoying these gains [of globalization]. Many millions of people are excluded, left behind in squalor . . .† (Annan 2000). Although the exact impact of globalization on poverty is very difficult to assess, research estimates show that poverty has increased by 82 million, 14 million, and 8 million in sub-Saharan Africa, Europe and Central Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean respectively (Globalization and its impact 2004). Taking a more critical look at this, globalization itself cannot be held responsible for most of the poverty in developing countries as other factors such as bad governance, poor economic policies, weak reforms, etc have also implicated. But globalization is a major factor. As claim ed by Princova (2010), globalization leads to wealth redistribution – ‘global richness and local poverty’. It makes the rich countries, in this case, the industrialized nations, to become richer, and the poor nations, the developing countries, to become poorer (Zygmunt Bauman in Beck 1997). Although several African economies initially benefited from globalization as there was a transient economic growth, over the years, they have become heavily dependent on the wealth of well developed nations (Lawal 2006). ‘African economies are increasingly geared to the export of a very limited range of commodities and the importation of a wide range of consumer goods’ leading to their being referred to as a largely consuming economy (Adedeji 1981). To make this worse, agricultural growth is very feeble. And since the 1980s, the terms of trade and the import capacities have declined sharply resulting in the reduction in the per capita income of the region (Lawal 2006). Compounding the woes of several developing states is the enormous debt build up. ‘According to the report of the survey of Economic and Social conditions in Africa, (1977-78), the total outstanding external debt of African Countries rose from $9.02 billion in 1970 to $18.88 billion in 1974 and $30.02 billion in 1976, while the total debt services rose to $0.89 billion in 1970, $2.43 billion in 1974 and $3.03 billion in 1976’ (Lawal 2006). These and several other evidences has led to Africa, which houses a major part of world developing states, to being referred to as the most heavily indebted region globally. Globalisation Essay: Globalisation impact on health and disease Considering globalisation from the health and disease angle, it has impacted seriously on the epidemiology of infectious diseases, as regards the ability to prevent, control and eradicate these diseases, worldwide and especially in developing countries. One of the ways by which this has occurred is the enhancement of technological capacities worldwide, leading to increased emissions and a resultant global warming. This in turn leads to enhanced breeding of vectors such as mosquitoes, animal or human behaviours such as bathing in pools which may have been contaminated with the larvae of schistosomes, etc (Saker et al. 2004). Over the years, large increases in international trade have encouraged the introduction of western diets to the previously natural diets of most developing countries. This has led to changes in dietary habits as the so-called â€Å"ethnic foods† have been relegated to the background and more and more junk food are being consumed in the name of western diets (Saker et al. 2004). And in the long run, western diseases are gradually becoming prevalent in developing nations. Again, introduction of western lifestyle through globalization to the developing has led gradually loss of core values leading to increased looseness and promiscuity among the youth and adults alike. This has caused a surge in the numbers of those living with HIV/AIDs, and the long-term effects on the economy and society at large. Globalization has increased the vulnerability of the rural farmer in the remotest village to world events. An example is the case of coffee farmers in Uganda. Prior to the start of liberalisation, the country’s Coffee Marketing Board (CMB), on the behalf of the government, served as the middle-man between the coffee farmers and foreign buyers. In doing this, the Coffee Marketing Board made sure that the farmers themselves were guaranteed standard coffee prices based on assured quotas negotiated by the Coffee Marketing Board on the world coffee market on the government’s behalf (Mubiru 2003). Although the individual farmer had to pay the cost of this existing infrastructure, thereby reducing the net income to the farmer’s pocket, he/she was still assured of a standard price. But since globalization came in and the Coffee Marketing Board was abolished, the farmers have been made vulnerable to changes and shocks in the world market. And for developing countries to h ave buoyant agricultural sectors, the farmers have to be sheltered from the full vagaries of the world market, a task made very much impossible by globalization. Globalisation Essay: Globalisation and employment structure Today, the employment structure in developing nations has been changed, a result of globalization and capitalism (Bacchus Foerster 2005). Before the advent of globalization in developing countries, the main source of occupation for the active members of the population, both men and women, was agriculture. But since the influx of foreign corporations occurred, there has been a sectoral shift in the labour force as more hands are being drafted towards assembly production and fewer hands left in the fields. Empirical evidence shows that there has been a significant decline in male agricultural work ‘from 62% to 14% . . . [and] a similar decline in agriculture [for women]’ (Schultz 1990 in Bacchus Foerster 2005). Another effect of globalization in this regard is a relative increase in unemployment. Several research studies have examined the hypothesis that globalization does not only affect the income level of the labour force, but in addition exposes the workers to increa sed economic vulnerability and uncertainty via less secure employment and increasingly volatile income (Goldberg Pavcnik 2007). All these, coupled with shocks in the global economy and the act of outsourcing have led to the laying off of thousands of workers who previously worked in the big multinational companies resulting in mass unemployment. Globalization has succeeded in widening the inequalities in skill premium, wage, income and consumption in developing countries (Goldberg Pavcnik 2007). ‘Globalization affects individuals through three main channels: changes in their labour income; changes in relative prices and hence consumption; and changes in household production decisions’ (Goldberg Pavcnik 2007). Prior to the onset of globalization, there existed a little wage difference between skilled and unskilled workers in most developing nations. But since globalization came in, there is a widely accepted fact that increases in the demand of skilled labour drove the drastic increase in skill premium. Although the exact cause of increase in the need for skilled labour is still the subject of debate, but evidence from Attanasio and Szekely (2000); Sanchez-Paramo and Schady (2003) (in Goldberg Pavcnik 2007) and others support the increase in demand of educated workers in developing countries. Similarly, differ ent theories have been proposed for the changes in relative prices and consumption as caused by globalization. But the most widely accepted conclusion is that globalization has contributed largely to inequalities in developing nations. Better opportunities in more developed countries, coupled with the possibility of easy travel, have lead to a lot of educated people being lured away from developing countries. It has been said that more than US $4.1 billion is being spent annually in the African continent to employ 150,000 expatriates to replace the intellectual vacuum being created by the ongoing brain drain (Globalization and its impact 2004). Globalisation Essay: Globalisation and cultural boundaries In addition, globalization has resulted in the loss of cultural boundaries. In this wise, it has caused the extinction of several languages in many developing nations. The way languages are going extinct is very rapid, and this has been predicted to continue unless something can be done to stop the complex process of globalization (Cronin 2003). The enhanced interaction of western cultures with local cultures in the developing world has led to melting of previously existing cultural barriers so that the individuality of the local cultures begin to fade. The increase in international travel has also contributed to this as the World Health Organization estimates that approximately 500,000 people are in airplanes at any one point in time (The Guardian 28 April 2009, p. 10). Also, the adoption of multiculturalism coupled with the melting of international barriers and easy spread of propaganda through the internet has led to youths of developing nations imbibing extremist ideas, causing t heir being used by terrorists in suicide attacks, as is occurring in many developing nations such as Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Egypt, etc. The encouragement of free trade zones in developing countries in a bid to woo foreign investors has resulted in negative effects. A documentary released in 2003, The Hidden Face of Globalization, revealed how female factory workers in free trade zones are being physically and verbally abused so as to keep up with the production demands from the firms (Bacchus Foerster 2005). In a bid to maximize profit, most of these multinational companies prefer to refrain from creating healthier and safer working environments for their workers. According to Fuentes and Ehrenreich 1998 (in Bacchus Foerster 2005), 12 women died in Taiwan from the inhalation of toxic fumes at a Philco-Ford assembly plant. And coupled with the inability of the workers to unionize as a result of the free trade policy, the workers have to suffer in silence. Other negative impacts of globalization in developing countries include the alteration of the environment and reduction in environmental sustainability, increase in human trafficking, exploitation of cheap labour by foreign industrialists. Conclusion This paper has been able to show globalization as a complex process with wide reaching impacts on developing countries. Globalization on its own has a lot of gains and benefits, but due to the influence of some other factors and especially the nature and structure of most developing nations, it impacts negatively despite its advantages. These impacts hold serious challenges for developing countries in the face of needed economic growth and development for these countries. To this end, the leadership of the various nations in the developed world must understand that their major responsibilities lie in the needs of their immediate societies. It is therefore imperative that these countries formulate rational policies and reforms that would guide liberalisation of trade and the complexities of globalization as a whole to conform to their own domestic economic agenda. Globalization itself should not be hindered. But the extent and pace of its progress should be made to reflect the nationà ¢â‚¬â„¢s situation and presenting economic dispensation so that in the long run, the developing country itself would be able to strongly compete in the wider confluence of globalization. References Adedeji, A (1981). Indigenization of African economies, Hutchinson University Library for Africa, London. Annan, K (2000). Secretary-General, in Havana on Eve of First â€Å"Group Of 77† Summit Meeting, Evokes Promises and Pitfalls of Globalization’, UN press release, 12 April 2000, viewed 07 August 2011, http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2000/20000412.sgsm7357.doc.html Bacchus, N Foerster, A (2005). The effects of globalization on women in developing nations, Pforzheimer Honors College Theses, viewed 07 August 2011, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/honorscollege theses/2 Beck, U (1997). Co je to globalizacePraha: Centrum pro stadium demokracie a kultury† Bertucci, G Alberti, A. (2001). Globalization and the Role of the State: Challenges and Perspectives, United Nations World Public Sector Report 2001 on â€Å"Globalization and the State† Cronin, M. (2003). Translation and globalization, Routledge, New York. Globalization and its impact (2004). World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization, viewed 07 August 2011, http://www.ilo.org/public/english/wcsdg/docs/rep2.pdf Goldberg, PK Pavcnik, N. (2007). Distributional Effects of Globalization in Developing Countries, Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 45, pp. 39–82. Ibrahim, MJ (2006). The effect of globalisation on the development of underdeveloped economies, viewed 07 August 2011, http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/cjeconf/delegates/ibrahim.pdf Lawal, G. (2006). Globalisation and Development: The Implications for the African Economy, Humanity Social Sciences Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 65-78. Mubiru, E. (2003). The effects of globalisation on trade – A special focus on rural farmers in Uganda, viewed 07 August 2011, http://www.globalempowerment.org/PolicyAdvocacy/pahome2.5.nsf/gereports/FAA90E89364586A388256E460083628B/$file/Edward.pdf Ofosu V (2010). The Effect of Globalisation on Ghana, Equality, viewed on 07 August 2011, http://kranteng.wordpress.com/the-effect-of-globalisation-on-ghana/ Princova, K (2010). Globalisation, vulnerability, poverty and human limits, viewed 07 August 2011, http://conference.osu.eu/globalization/publ/16-princova.pdf Saker, L, Lee, K, Cannito, B, Gilmore, A Campbell-Lendrum, D. (2004). Globalization and infectious diseases: A review of the linkages, Social, Economic and Behavioral Research, vol. 2, pp. 1-21. Stallings, B. (2000). Globalization and Liberalization: A View from the Developing Countries, U.N. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, viewed on 07 August 2011, http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/econ/stallings.pdf The Guardian (March 24, 2009). Swine flu prompts EU warning on travel to US’, 28 April 2009, p. 10 [cite] Also see: 1. Analysis of Globalisation Strategy in McDonalds 2. How has the role of the nation-state changed in a globalised society? 3. Is Globalization good or bad? Do you need help writing an Essay Please check out our popular article, how to Write My Essay Summary Reviewer John – our site Admin Review Date 2015-03-18 Reviewed Item Globalisation positive and negative impacts Author Rating 5 How to cite Globalisation Essay: Positive and Negative Impacts on the developing world, Essay examples

Populist and Progressives free essay sample

Populists tended to be poor and uneducated. They had ideas such as government ownership of major industries. The Populists supported labors demand for an eight hour work day. The most controversial Populist demand concerned the money supply. Farmers being both sellers and debtors, saw inflation as a way to improve their standard of living but they wanted to expand the money supply. Farmers convinced the government to use silver as well as gold to back the money supply. The congress passed the Bland-Allison Act and the Sherman Silver Purchase.Populist platform urged congress to authorize free and unlimited minting of silver. The Populists were united in favoring the minting of silver to expand the money supply. Democrats agreed with the Populist, but most Republicans favored the gold standard and a smaller money supply. Democrats agreed on a presidential candidate that was with the mint silver, which was William Jennings Bryan. Having joined the Democrats in a losing cause, their party collapsed. We will write a custom essay sample on Populist and Progressives or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The attempt to unite urban workers and farmers into a mass movement for economic reform had failed.Progressivism began in the early 1 sass. It had roots in several earlier movements such as the Liberal Republican and the Mumps. Progressivism centered in cities. Progressives were middle class and well educated. Progressives stayed in the political mainstream. They aimed not to remake American society, but to merely make the existing system work better and to do this they were willing to make compromises. Progressivism offered the middle class, business leader, and farmers a safe reform. By 1900 the American economy was strong.As a result people of all classes felt more confident and more willing to compromise. Progressives made city and state governments more democratic. They also tightened regulations on business. For Progressives, honest and efficient government was an important goal, but not the ultimate one. They saw government as a tool to be used to promote the welfare of all citizens. Regulating business was, for both city and state governments, a major part of that task. Progressives passed more laws aiming at protecting various groups, especially children.The Populist and Progressives had many similarities. What the Populist fought for the progressives continued on fighting. They fought for many similar things for example, they fought for the eight hour work day. The Populist and Progressives were for the people. They wanted to improve their chances for success, a better economy, improve the American society. As you can conclude, the Populist and Progressives had differences, but they also have similarities. They had different ideas, but were fighting for the same things. What one started the other continued to pursue.