Marketing Strategy Study Guide

MKT 850 Study Guide Chapter 5 * SWOT Analysis: * One of the most valuable instruments in examining promoting information and data * Links company’s circumstance investigation and advancement of advertising plan * Uses organized data to reveal upper hands and guide determination of the vital focal point of the showcasing procedure. * Broken down into: * Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats * Productive SWOT (administrator should†¦) : * Use a progression of SWOT examinations concentrating on explicit item/advertise blends * Search for contenders both present and future Collaborate with other useful territories by sharing data and points of view * Examine issues from the clients viewpoint by asking workers: * What do clients accept about us as an organization? * Which of our shortcomings convert into a diminished capacity to serve clients? * Looks for causes not qualities considering the organizations assets for each part * Separate inside and outside issues util izing this key test: * Would this issue exist if the firm didn't exist? * If indeed, issue named outer * Strengths and Weaknesses: Exist on account of assets by the firm, or because of the idea of key connections between the firm and its clients/workers/outside associations * May be utilized into abilities (qualities) or survive (shortcomings) * Meaningful just when they help or upset the firm in fulfilling client needs * Opportunities and Threats: * Not potential promoting activities. Issues/circumstances that happen in the firm’s outer situations. * Not overlooked as the firm becomes involved with creating qualities and capacities inspired by a paranoid fear of making a productive, yet incapable association. Originate from changes in the serious, client, financial, political/lawful, mechanical, and sociocultural situations. * SWOT Matrix: * Allows showcasing administrator to envision the examination * Serves as an impetus to manage the making of advertising techniques that will create wanted outcomes. * Allows administrator to perceive how qualities and openings may be associated with make abilities that are vital to addressing client needs * Assesses the size and significance of every quality/frail/opp/danger. * Competitive Advantage: Capabilities in relations to those held by the opposition * Based on both inner and outside variables * Based on the real world and client recognition * Based on the fundamental techniques of operational greatness, item authority, and client closeness. * Strategic Focus Establishment * Based on building up a general idea or model that controls the firm as it meshes different promoting components together into a sound procedure * Tied to firm’s upper hand * Use consequences of SWOT as firm thinks about four headings of key endeavors: * Aggressiveness Diversification * Turnaround * Defensiveness * Ensures the firm doesn't step past center qualities to consider openings outside its capacities * Visualized using a me thodology canvas where the objective is to build up a worth bend that is unmistakable from the opposition * Downplay conventional industry serious factors for new methodologies * Lays preparation for advancement of advertising objectives and goal, interfaces SWOT results to the remainder of the showcasing plan. * Marketing Goals: Broad, wanted achievements began when all is said in done terms. * Indicate the bearing the firm endeavors to move in, just as the arrangement of needs will use in assessing option and deciding. * Should be feasible, sensible, inside reliable, extensive, and explain the jobs of all gatherings in the association. * Involves some level of elusiveness * Marketing Objectives: * Specific and quantitative benchmarks that can be utilized to measure progress toward the accomplishment of the promoting objectives * Should be achievable with sensible exertion Continuous or intermittent relying upon how much they leave from present targets * Assigned to explicit zones, offices, or people who have the obligation to achieve them Chapter Six * Buyer Behavior in Consumer Markets: * Often unreasonable and capricious as shoppers state a certain something and do another * Progress through five phases: * Need Recognition * Information Search * Evaluation of Alternatives * Purchase Decision * Post Purchase Evaluation Don’t consistently follow these phases all together or may skip stages * May be portrayed by reliability where buyers basically buy a similar item that they purchased last time * Involves equal sequencing of exercises with finding the most appropriate trader. * Consider what item they need, and where to get it * Can happen if a customer is savagely faithful to a vendor * Can be influenced by: * Complexity of the buy and dynamic procedure * Demographics, Psychographics, and Sociocultural components * Social impacts: culture, social class, family, sentiment pioneers, reference gatherings. Situational impacts: physical and spatial impacts , social and individual impacts, time, buy task/utilization, buyer manner * Consumers Wants and Needs: * Shouldn’t characterize needs as necessities since everybody has an alternate point of view on what comprises a need * Needs happen when a customers current degree of fulfillment doesn’t equivalent their ideal level * Wants are shoppers want for a particular item that will fulfill a particular need * Firm should comprehend fundamental needs satisfied by its items. Permits firm to fragment showcases and make promoting programs that show needs into needs for their item * Most items are advertised based on needs not need satisfaction * Wants are not equivalent to request * Demand: happens when the shoppers capacity and readiness to pay backs up a need for a particular item * Information Search: * Passive and Active: * Passive-buyer become progressively mindful and open to data * Active-purchaser connects increasingly forceful looking for data search * Depends on a few i ssues: Degree of hazard * Level of mastery * Actual expense of search (time and cash) * Culminates in an evoked arrangement of appropriate purchasing choices * Evaluation of Alternatives: * Translates needs into needs for explicit items or brands * Evaluate items as groups of traits that have fluctuating capacities to fulfill their requirements * Priority of every buyers decision standards can change * Want the item to be in the evoked arrangement of potential choices * Constantly help them to remember their organization and items * Purchase Stage: Intent to buy and the genuine demonstration of purchasing are unmistakable ideas * Key issues: * item accessibility: how simple is it to get the item where the shopper is * ownership utility: how simple is it to move possession * Postpurchase Evaluation: * Outcome of purchasing process is connected to the advancement of long haul client connections. Intently follow customers’ reactions to screen execution and capacity to meet custo mers’ desires * Will encounter one expected results: Delight, fulfillment, disappointment, or subjective cacophony * Business Markets: * Purchase items for their utilization in their activities, such as purchasing crude materials, purchasing office supplies, or renting vehicles * Consists of four kinds of purchasers: * Commercial markets * Reseller markets * Government markets * Institutional markets * Four extraordinary attributes not found in shopper markets: * The purchaser place: financial purchasers, specialized purchasers, and clients * Hard and delicate expenses are similarly significant Hard-money related cost or buy costs * Soft-personal time, opportunity costs, HR costs * Reciprocity: business purchasers and merchants frequently purchase items from one another * Mutual reliance: sole-source or constrained source purchasing makes both purchasing and selling firms commonly subordinate * Business Buying Process: * Sequence of Stages: * Problem Recognition * Development of item details * Vendor recognizable proof and capability * Solicitation of proposition and offers * Vendor choice Order handling * Vendor execution audit * Can be influenced by a few elements including: natural conditions, authoritative elements, and relational/singular variables * Market Segmentation: procedure of partitioning the absolute market for a specific item or item classification into generally homogeneous portions or gatherings * Groups ought to have comparative individuals, yet bunches must be divergent from one another * Fundamental choice of whether to fragment at all Allows firms to be increasingly effective because of the way that they can tailor items to address the issues of a specific market section * Traditional market division approach: * Used effectively for a considerable length of time, not obsolete, and are utilized by numerous individuals of today’s best firms * Can be utilized in mix with more up to date approaches by the firm, contingent upon th e brand/item or market being referred to * Successful division: Must be recognizable and quantifiable * Substantial * Accessible * Responsive * Viable and economical * Avoid moral/lawfully touchy portions * Avoid suitable sections that don’t coordinate firm’s strategic Mass Marketing: no division and is focused on the all out market for an item * Undifferentiated methodology accept all clients have comparative needs/needs * Works best when requirements are moderately homogeneous Advantage-creation productivity and lower promoting costs * Disadvantage-hazardous on the grounds that a normalized item is powerless against contenders that offer particular items that better match customers’ needs * Differentiated Marketing: isolates the all out market into gatherings of clients having generally homogenous necessities, endeavoring to build up an advertising program that interests to at least one of these gatherings * Necessary when client needs are comparative inside a solitary gathering, however the necessities vary across bunches * Two choices: * Multi-section approach * Market fixation approach Niche Marketing: concentrating endeavors on one little, all around characterized

Explain These Terms Essay Example for Free

Clarify These Terms Essay †¢ Speech †A strategy for verbally conveying to clarify needs, needs, feelings in an enunciated way †¢ Language †A strategy for conveying either in a verbal or composed way organized in a reasonable way to communicate the people point †¢ Communication †A strategy for communicating emotions, feelings, or data utilizing either verbal or non verbal structures for example non-verbal communication or outward appearances †¢ Speech, language, and correspondence needs †Shows manners by which an individual may require help to convey by either detailing sentences or utilizing sounds to make words so as to arrive sentiments or suppositions over. This will show which territories they require help so as to have a full technique for imparting. 1. Clarify how discourse, language and relational abilities bolster every one of the accompanying territories in children’s improvement †¢ Learning †Speech, language and correspondence empowers a kid to build up a comprehension of the world by having the option to pose inquiries to assemble feelings yet in addition a comprehension. It additionally permits them to work there own connections and offer data. This makes them ready to communicate feeling and create thoughts which permit them to take care of issues. †¢ Emotions †Being ready to communicate feelings through discourse, language and interchanges empowers a youngster to assemble certainty and a confidence to become who they need to be. By building up their correspondence it implies that the youngster likewise comprehends what are socially adequate gauges and the social standards of how to show the feelings. For example it is adequate for a little child to pitch a temper fit in the road because of tiredness yet when the individual grows up it isn't socially satisfactory so this empowers them to create habits of communicating feelings without crying or having a strap. †¢ Behavior †Children can utilize their discourse, language, and relational abilities to assist them with seeing good and bad. By doing this it empowers them to comprehend what they have fouled up and the ramifications for their activities. A case of this could be understanding the word no and mischievous. †¢ Social †Being ready to utilize discourse, language, and correspondence in a social way will permit them to make kinships. By picking up companionships they will likewise get familiar with a comprehension of how individuals like to be dealt with. Utilizing language in a social perspective permits kids to learn new things yet additionally permits them to learn off other

Reminding or Deleting Recommendation Letter Writers COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Reminding or Deleting Recommendation Letter Writers COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Our online application system makes it easy to send reminder messages to those you have asked to compose letters of recommendation for your application to SIPA.   You can also easily delete a recommender if it turns out they will not be able to submit a letter on your behalf. All you have to do to perform these actions is to log into the application site with your PIN and password, click on the Application for Admission link on the top of the page and then click on the Recommendations link on the left menu. When you click on the Recommendations link you will be taken to a new window. Then click on the Recommendation Provider List button and you will see the following: Simply click on the resend button and an automated message will go out to the email address you have provided for each recommender yet to submit a letter. Please do note that it is a good idea to let recommenders know to look for an email message Apply Yourself. If you wish to delete a recommender simply click their name and hit the Delete button. After doing this you will then be able to add a new recommender.

The Good and Bad of a School Principal Job

I love being a principal of a school. There is nothing else that I want be doing at this point in my life. This does not mean that I enjoy every aspect of my job. There are certainly aspects that I could do without, but the positives far outweigh the negatives for me. This is my dream job. Being the principal of a school is demanding, but it is also rewarding. You must be thick skinned, hard working, diligent, flexible, and creative to be a good principal. It is not a job for just anyone. There are days that I question my decision to become a principal. However, I always bounce back knowing that the reasons I love being a principal are more powerful than the reasons I hate it. Reasons I Love Being a Principal of a School I love making a difference. It is fulfilling to see the aspects that I have a direct hand in making a positive impact on students, teachers, and the school as a whole. I love collaborating with teachers, offering feedback, and seeing them grow and improve in their classroom from day to day and year to year. I enjoy investing time in a difficult student and seeing them mature and grow to the point that they lose that label. I am proud when a program I helped create flourishes and evolves into a significant component of the school. I love having a larger impact. As a teacher, I made a positive impact on the students I taught. As a principal, I have made a positive impact on the entire school. I am involved with every aspect of the school in some way. Hiring new teachers, evaluating teachers, writing school policy, and establishing programs to meet school-wide needs all impact the school as a whole. These things likely will go unnoticed by others when I make the right decision, but it is satisfying to see others being positively impacted by a decision I made. I love working with people. I love working with the different groups of people that I am able to as a principal. This includes other administrators, teachers, support staff, students, parents, and community members. Each sub-group requires me to approach them differently, but I enjoy the collaboration with all of them. I realized early on that I work with people as opposed to against them. This has helped shape my overall educational leadership philosophy. I enjoy building and maintaining healthy relationships with the constituents of my school. I love being a problem solver. Every day brings about a different set of challenges as a principal. I have to be adept at problem solving to get through each day. I love coming up with creative solutions, which are often outside the box. Teachers, parents, and students come to me on a daily basis seeking answers. I must be able to provide them with quality solutions that will satisfy the problems they have. I love motivating students. I enjoy finding entertaining and unusual ways to motivate my students. Over the years, I’ve spent a cold November night on the roof of the school, jumped out of an airplane, dressed like a woman, and sang Karaoke to Carly Rae Jepsen’s Call Me Maybe in front of the entire school. It has generated a lot of buzz and the students absolutely love it. I know that I look crazy while I am doing these things, but I want my students to be excited about coming to school, reading books, etc. and these things have been effective motivational tools. I love the pay check. My gross salary was $24,000 the first year I taught. It is hard for me to fathom how I survived. Luckily, I was single at the time, or it would have been difficult. The money is certainly better now. I am not a principal for the pay check, but I cannot deny that making more money is an enormous benefit to becoming an administrator. I work extremely hard for the money that I make, but my family is able to live comfortably with some extras that my parents were never able to afford when I was a kid. Reasons I Hate Being a Principal of a School I hate playing politics. Unfortunately, there are many aspects of public education that is political. In my opinion, politics dilutes education. As a principal, I understand that it is necessary to be political in many cases. There are many times that I want to call parents out on when they come to my office and blow smoke about how they are going to handle their child. I refrain from this because I know that it is not in the school’s best interest to do so. It is not always easy to bite your tongue, but sometimes it is best. I hate dealing with the negative. I deal with complaints on a daily basis. It is a large part of my job, but there are days when it becomes overwhelming. Teachers, students, and parents like to gripe and moan about each other continuously. I feel confident in my ability to handle and smooth things over. I am not one of those that sweep things under the rug. I spend the necessary time to investigate any complaint, but these investigations can be time daunting and time consuming. I hate being the bad guy. My family and I recently went on vacation to Florida. We were watching a street performer when he picked me to help him with a part of his act. He asked me my name and what I did. When I told him I was a principal, I got booed by the audience. It is sad that being a principal has such a negative stigma associated to it. I have to make difficult decisions every day, but they are often based on mistakes of others. I hate standardized testing. I loathe standardized testing. I believe that standardized tests should not be the end all evaluation tool for schools, administrators, teachers, and students. At the same time, I understand that we live in an era with an overemphasis of standardized testing. As a principal, I feel that I am forced to push that overemphasis of standardized testing on my teachers and on my students. I feel like a hypocrite for doing so, but I understand that current academic success is measured by testing performance whether I believe it is right or not. I hate telling teachers no because of a budget. Education is an investment. It is an unfortunate reality that many schools do not have the technology, curriculum, or teachers necessary to maximize learning opportunities for students due to a budget shortfall. Most teachers spend a significant amount of their own money to buy things for their classroom when the district tells them no. I have had to tell teachers no, when I knew they had a fantastic idea, but our budget just would not cover the expense. I have a hard time doing that at the expense of our students. I hate the time it takes away from my family. A good principal spends a lot of time in his office when no one else is in the building. They are often the first one to arrive and the last to leave. They attend almost every extra curricular event. I know that my job requires a significant investment of time. This investment of time takes time away from my family. My wife and boys understand, and I am appreciative of that. It is not always easy, but I try to ensure a balance of my time between work and family.

Ancient Inscriptions, Epigraphy, and Papyrology

Globalisation Essay Positive and Negative Impacts on the developing world Free Essays

string(59) " development indicators in Bertucci Alberti 2001\)\." Globalisation Essay: The Positive and Negative Impacts of Globalisation on the Developing World What is Globalisation? Free 3000 words Globalisation Essay: The concept of globalization is currently a popular but very controversial issue, and has been one of the most widely debated issues since communism collapsed. ‘Debates currently raging about globalization include whether it even exists, whether it is more important now than at some earlier date, whether it is displacing the nation state, and whether it is more important than regionalism or localism’ (Stallings 2000). It means different things to different people, but in most cases remain a loose and ill-defined concept. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalisation Essay: Positive and Negative Impacts on the developing world or any similar topic only for you Order Now Globalization has several definitions, but an undisputable fact which everyone agrees to is the fact that it is a complex process that has wide and varying impacts on economies, both developed and developing. Looking critically at the concept, globalization in its broadest sense can be said to be a prismatic, complex, and multidisciplinary topic. It can be examined from several angles which includes not only economic, the most common viewpoint, but also social, cultural, ideological and political ones. James Rosenau, a foremost political scientist, defined globalization as ‘a label that is presently in vogue to account for peoples, activities, norms, ideas, goods, services, and currencies that are decreasingly confined to a geographic space and its local and established practices’ (Stallings 2000). For those looking at it from the economic angle, it refers to the increasingly internationalized character of the emerging global economy. To the lawyers, it has to do with ‘the threatened changes in legal status of states and their citizens† (Saker et al. 2004). It means different things to different people, but the bottom-line is that these disciplinary-based viewpoin ts fail to take into consideration the multiplicity and complexity of change processes, and therefore fail to appreciate their effects, both directly and indirectly. Globalization is widely accepted and referred to as ‘the widening, deepening and speeding up of world-wide interconnectedness in all aspects of contemporary social life, from the cultural to the criminal, the financial to the spiritual’ (Lawal, 2006). This widely accepted definition shows the way in which globalization today connects the cultures and communities in one corner of the world to development occurring in another country. Globalisation Essay: Globalisation and world wide interdependence Globalization is truly a complex phenomenon ‘which encompasses a great variety of tendencies and trends in the economic, social and cultural spheres’ (Bertucci Alberti 2001). It is dynamic and unpredictable, although not entirely disordered. Four major factors have been identified to be the driving forces pushing forward worldwide interdependence. They include entrepreneurship, liberalization of trade and investment, technological innovation, and global social networks (Bertucci Alberti 2001). Although it is believed in many quarters that the two major forces behind globalization are entrepreneurship and technological innovation, these two alone cannot give an explanation of the process of improved economic integration. Through the elaboration and adoption of market-oriented policies and regulations at both the international and local levels, the national governments have played a very vital role in allowing greater interdependence and economic integration of specific activities (Bertucci Alberti 2001). The most formidable force is the economic dimension of globalization as it is the driving force for both the social and political aspects (Ibrahim 2006). Taking Africa for example, European cultures were able to find their ways into the innermost regions as a result of the colonisation of various countries which was triggered by the European industrial revolution. Globalisation Essay: Globalisation and Worldwide Development Globalisation today has now cleared the way for worldwide development, but the progress is not â€Å"even† as some nations are getting integrated into the global economy faster than others as shown by these countries’ fast economic growth and reduced poverty levels (Lawal 2006). This then means that globalization does not hold the same benefits for all members of the global community. It holds more benefit for members of developed nations while developing nations can be said to be in a rather deprived position. But looking closely at the impacts of globalisation on developing countries, one would observe both sides of the coin, in that it has both positive and negative impacts. Globalisation has had a lot of positive effects on developing countries. For instance, it played a significant role in the ability of some countries to achieve independence. Taking the case of Ghana for example, ‘the end of the Second World War was significant for Ghana’s gaining independence and a turning point in the history of the Gold Coast’ (Ofosu 2010). And just like Scholte argued that situations occurring in a country thousands of miles have a way of affecting the economic, social and political situations in one’s country, the rising up of capitalism in the United States and Socialism/Communism in the Soviet republics were to Ghana’s benefit as they assisted in the achievement of independence. The same thing for Nigeria, Rwanda, and a whole lot of other developing countries in which occurring world events positively impacted their abilities to achieve self-rulership. Another positive impact of globalization on developing countries is an increase in standard of living. One of the aims of globalization of economies is to reduce poverty, and this aim is being achieved by the increased access to foreign funding from industrialized nations to developing countries. And the spending of these funds on improving the education, health, social, and transport infrastructure of the developing nations aids in improving the standard of living of the people. Thanks to globalization, developing countries now have access to new markets. And this has been taken full advantage of by several nations (Bertucci Alberti 2001). This opening allows the transnational movement of labour, foreign capital, new technology and management to developing countries from the more industrialized nations. There is now an increase in the inflow of foreign direct investment to developing countries as more than a quarter of world foreign direct investment inflows were received between 1988 and 1989 and this has increased yearly (World development indicators in Bertucci Alberti 2001). You read "Globalisation Essay: Positive and Negative Impacts on the developing world" in category "Essay examples" From US $12 billion in 1980, private capital flows to developing countries increased to US $140 billion by 1997 (Bertucci Alberti 2001). The only catch to this is that the bulk of these capital flows so far is strictly limited to a small number of developing countries , especially the big ones such as Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa, India, Brazil, China, etc. ‘The report on financing for development prepared for the UN Secretary-General notes that, during the period 1993 to 1998, 20 countries accounted for over 70 per cent of all FDI inflows to all developing countries’ (Bertucci Alberti 2001). Globalisation Essay: Effects of globalisation on world trade Again looking at the effect of globalisation on world trade, and indirectly on trade in developing countries, it is quite obvious that it enhances economic growth. One of the emphasis of globalization is that member countries should open their markets to ensure open trading free of limitations. In this regard, liberalisation of trade would lead to the removal of all restrictions, causing unrestricted forces of demand supply to direct the movement and substitution of the factors of production, leading to efficient investment by producers (Mubiru 2003). This is clearly evident in developing countries such as Uganda in which reduced trade restrictions has lead to a large improvement in the nation’s economy (Lawal 2006). Again, from the positive impact of globalisation on trade, there is an ‘emerging trend towards trade in production components’ (Mubiru 2003). Reduction in trade restrictions in a lot of developing countries lead to the partial relocation of several manufacturers from more industrialized nations to new locations in developing countries. This may have arisen as a result of tax exemptions or reduced tariffs offered by many developing countries in order to encourage foreign investors, or increased proximity to cheap labour and occasionally consumers. And the resultant benefits to the host developing nations are numerous. One is an increase in employment opportunities for the indigenes as there is creation of more jobs. Also, influx of foreign manufacturers may also lead to the import of new technology. And with transfer of new technology from developed countries comes more opportunities for training for local employees. ‘Quite often manufacturing subsidiaries have also been linked to establishment of distribution networks that expand employment even further’ (Mubiru 2003). This, in some cases, has lead to impaction of entire regions at a time, causing the benefits to go beyond national boundaries. Taking this further, the slackening of barriers to various other products and sectors, especially agricultural products, would lead to immense gains to developing nations. Globalisation Essay: Globalisation and global competition In addition, globalisation leads to global competition, and in the long run, to local competition, ensuring the improvement of creative abilities and innovative capabilities. Competition between producers of commodities ensures the quality of the products and services at reduced prices, leading to specialisation and efficiency. Other positive impacts of globalization on developing countries include better access to foreign culture and entertainment through television broadcasts, music, clothing, movies, etc; increased cooperation between governments and the ability to work with better focus towards the achievement of common goals; and diffusion of knowledge and technical know-how among member countries, especially the less-privileged countries. Much has been said about improvement in technology but globalisation also improves communication as it leads to faster means of communicating and travel. But as much as globalization holds a lot of opportunities, it has a lot of negative effects which several sceptics have used to criticize the concept and its â€Å"so-called benefits†, especially to developing nations. As stated earlier, globalization is somewhat partial as industrialized nations benefit more from it than developing countries. This uneven impact is well demonstrated by the rise of India and China ‘which reveals highly uneven distribution of the benefits of globalization among countries’ (Globalization and its impact 2004). Globalisation Essay: Globalisation negative impacts on developing countries One of the major negative impacts of globalization on developing countries is poverty. Globalization has been said to increase poverty. A former United nations Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, stated that: â€Å". . . at present, only a relatively small number of countries are enjoying these gains [of globalization]. Many millions of people are excluded, left behind in squalor . . .† (Annan 2000). Although the exact impact of globalization on poverty is very difficult to assess, research estimates show that poverty has increased by 82 million, 14 million, and 8 million in sub-Saharan Africa, Europe and Central Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean respectively (Globalization and its impact 2004). Taking a more critical look at this, globalization itself cannot be held responsible for most of the poverty in developing countries as other factors such as bad governance, poor economic policies, weak reforms, etc have also implicated. But globalization is a major factor. As claim ed by Princova (2010), globalization leads to wealth redistribution – ‘global richness and local poverty’. It makes the rich countries, in this case, the industrialized nations, to become richer, and the poor nations, the developing countries, to become poorer (Zygmunt Bauman in Beck 1997). Although several African economies initially benefited from globalization as there was a transient economic growth, over the years, they have become heavily dependent on the wealth of well developed nations (Lawal 2006). ‘African economies are increasingly geared to the export of a very limited range of commodities and the importation of a wide range of consumer goods’ leading to their being referred to as a largely consuming economy (Adedeji 1981). To make this worse, agricultural growth is very feeble. And since the 1980s, the terms of trade and the import capacities have declined sharply resulting in the reduction in the per capita income of the region (Lawal 2006). Compounding the woes of several developing states is the enormous debt build up. ‘According to the report of the survey of Economic and Social conditions in Africa, (1977-78), the total outstanding external debt of African Countries rose from $9.02 billion in 1970 to $18.88 billion in 1974 and $30.02 billion in 1976, while the total debt services rose to $0.89 billion in 1970, $2.43 billion in 1974 and $3.03 billion in 1976’ (Lawal 2006). These and several other evidences has led to Africa, which houses a major part of world developing states, to being referred to as the most heavily indebted region globally. Globalisation Essay: Globalisation impact on health and disease Considering globalisation from the health and disease angle, it has impacted seriously on the epidemiology of infectious diseases, as regards the ability to prevent, control and eradicate these diseases, worldwide and especially in developing countries. One of the ways by which this has occurred is the enhancement of technological capacities worldwide, leading to increased emissions and a resultant global warming. This in turn leads to enhanced breeding of vectors such as mosquitoes, animal or human behaviours such as bathing in pools which may have been contaminated with the larvae of schistosomes, etc (Saker et al. 2004). Over the years, large increases in international trade have encouraged the introduction of western diets to the previously natural diets of most developing countries. This has led to changes in dietary habits as the so-called â€Å"ethnic foods† have been relegated to the background and more and more junk food are being consumed in the name of western diets (Saker et al. 2004). And in the long run, western diseases are gradually becoming prevalent in developing nations. Again, introduction of western lifestyle through globalization to the developing has led gradually loss of core values leading to increased looseness and promiscuity among the youth and adults alike. This has caused a surge in the numbers of those living with HIV/AIDs, and the long-term effects on the economy and society at large. Globalization has increased the vulnerability of the rural farmer in the remotest village to world events. An example is the case of coffee farmers in Uganda. Prior to the start of liberalisation, the country’s Coffee Marketing Board (CMB), on the behalf of the government, served as the middle-man between the coffee farmers and foreign buyers. In doing this, the Coffee Marketing Board made sure that the farmers themselves were guaranteed standard coffee prices based on assured quotas negotiated by the Coffee Marketing Board on the world coffee market on the government’s behalf (Mubiru 2003). Although the individual farmer had to pay the cost of this existing infrastructure, thereby reducing the net income to the farmer’s pocket, he/she was still assured of a standard price. But since globalization came in and the Coffee Marketing Board was abolished, the farmers have been made vulnerable to changes and shocks in the world market. And for developing countries to h ave buoyant agricultural sectors, the farmers have to be sheltered from the full vagaries of the world market, a task made very much impossible by globalization. Globalisation Essay: Globalisation and employment structure Today, the employment structure in developing nations has been changed, a result of globalization and capitalism (Bacchus Foerster 2005). Before the advent of globalization in developing countries, the main source of occupation for the active members of the population, both men and women, was agriculture. But since the influx of foreign corporations occurred, there has been a sectoral shift in the labour force as more hands are being drafted towards assembly production and fewer hands left in the fields. Empirical evidence shows that there has been a significant decline in male agricultural work ‘from 62% to 14% . . . [and] a similar decline in agriculture [for women]’ (Schultz 1990 in Bacchus Foerster 2005). Another effect of globalization in this regard is a relative increase in unemployment. Several research studies have examined the hypothesis that globalization does not only affect the income level of the labour force, but in addition exposes the workers to increa sed economic vulnerability and uncertainty via less secure employment and increasingly volatile income (Goldberg Pavcnik 2007). All these, coupled with shocks in the global economy and the act of outsourcing have led to the laying off of thousands of workers who previously worked in the big multinational companies resulting in mass unemployment. Globalization has succeeded in widening the inequalities in skill premium, wage, income and consumption in developing countries (Goldberg Pavcnik 2007). ‘Globalization affects individuals through three main channels: changes in their labour income; changes in relative prices and hence consumption; and changes in household production decisions’ (Goldberg Pavcnik 2007). Prior to the onset of globalization, there existed a little wage difference between skilled and unskilled workers in most developing nations. But since globalization came in, there is a widely accepted fact that increases in the demand of skilled labour drove the drastic increase in skill premium. Although the exact cause of increase in the need for skilled labour is still the subject of debate, but evidence from Attanasio and Szekely (2000); Sanchez-Paramo and Schady (2003) (in Goldberg Pavcnik 2007) and others support the increase in demand of educated workers in developing countries. Similarly, differ ent theories have been proposed for the changes in relative prices and consumption as caused by globalization. But the most widely accepted conclusion is that globalization has contributed largely to inequalities in developing nations. Better opportunities in more developed countries, coupled with the possibility of easy travel, have lead to a lot of educated people being lured away from developing countries. It has been said that more than US $4.1 billion is being spent annually in the African continent to employ 150,000 expatriates to replace the intellectual vacuum being created by the ongoing brain drain (Globalization and its impact 2004). Globalisation Essay: Globalisation and cultural boundaries In addition, globalization has resulted in the loss of cultural boundaries. In this wise, it has caused the extinction of several languages in many developing nations. The way languages are going extinct is very rapid, and this has been predicted to continue unless something can be done to stop the complex process of globalization (Cronin 2003). The enhanced interaction of western cultures with local cultures in the developing world has led to melting of previously existing cultural barriers so that the individuality of the local cultures begin to fade. The increase in international travel has also contributed to this as the World Health Organization estimates that approximately 500,000 people are in airplanes at any one point in time (The Guardian 28 April 2009, p. 10). Also, the adoption of multiculturalism coupled with the melting of international barriers and easy spread of propaganda through the internet has led to youths of developing nations imbibing extremist ideas, causing t heir being used by terrorists in suicide attacks, as is occurring in many developing nations such as Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Egypt, etc. The encouragement of free trade zones in developing countries in a bid to woo foreign investors has resulted in negative effects. A documentary released in 2003, The Hidden Face of Globalization, revealed how female factory workers in free trade zones are being physically and verbally abused so as to keep up with the production demands from the firms (Bacchus Foerster 2005). In a bid to maximize profit, most of these multinational companies prefer to refrain from creating healthier and safer working environments for their workers. According to Fuentes and Ehrenreich 1998 (in Bacchus Foerster 2005), 12 women died in Taiwan from the inhalation of toxic fumes at a Philco-Ford assembly plant. And coupled with the inability of the workers to unionize as a result of the free trade policy, the workers have to suffer in silence. Other negative impacts of globalization in developing countries include the alteration of the environment and reduction in environmental sustainability, increase in human trafficking, exploitation of cheap labour by foreign industrialists. Conclusion This paper has been able to show globalization as a complex process with wide reaching impacts on developing countries. Globalization on its own has a lot of gains and benefits, but due to the influence of some other factors and especially the nature and structure of most developing nations, it impacts negatively despite its advantages. These impacts hold serious challenges for developing countries in the face of needed economic growth and development for these countries. To this end, the leadership of the various nations in the developed world must understand that their major responsibilities lie in the needs of their immediate societies. It is therefore imperative that these countries formulate rational policies and reforms that would guide liberalisation of trade and the complexities of globalization as a whole to conform to their own domestic economic agenda. Globalization itself should not be hindered. But the extent and pace of its progress should be made to reflect the nationà ¢â‚¬â„¢s situation and presenting economic dispensation so that in the long run, the developing country itself would be able to strongly compete in the wider confluence of globalization. References Adedeji, A (1981). Indigenization of African economies, Hutchinson University Library for Africa, London. Annan, K (2000). Secretary-General, in Havana on Eve of First â€Å"Group Of 77† Summit Meeting, Evokes Promises and Pitfalls of Globalization’, UN press release, 12 April 2000, viewed 07 August 2011, http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2000/20000412.sgsm7357.doc.html Bacchus, N Foerster, A (2005). The effects of globalization on women in developing nations, Pforzheimer Honors College Theses, viewed 07 August 2011, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/honorscollege theses/2 Beck, U (1997). Co je to globalizacePraha: Centrum pro stadium demokracie a kultury† Bertucci, G Alberti, A. (2001). Globalization and the Role of the State: Challenges and Perspectives, United Nations World Public Sector Report 2001 on â€Å"Globalization and the State† Cronin, M. (2003). Translation and globalization, Routledge, New York. Globalization and its impact (2004). World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization, viewed 07 August 2011, http://www.ilo.org/public/english/wcsdg/docs/rep2.pdf Goldberg, PK Pavcnik, N. (2007). Distributional Effects of Globalization in Developing Countries, Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 45, pp. 39–82. Ibrahim, MJ (2006). The effect of globalisation on the development of underdeveloped economies, viewed 07 August 2011, http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/cjeconf/delegates/ibrahim.pdf Lawal, G. (2006). Globalisation and Development: The Implications for the African Economy, Humanity Social Sciences Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 65-78. Mubiru, E. (2003). The effects of globalisation on trade – A special focus on rural farmers in Uganda, viewed 07 August 2011, http://www.globalempowerment.org/PolicyAdvocacy/pahome2.5.nsf/gereports/FAA90E89364586A388256E460083628B/$file/Edward.pdf Ofosu V (2010). The Effect of Globalisation on Ghana, Equality, viewed on 07 August 2011, http://kranteng.wordpress.com/the-effect-of-globalisation-on-ghana/ Princova, K (2010). Globalisation, vulnerability, poverty and human limits, viewed 07 August 2011, http://conference.osu.eu/globalization/publ/16-princova.pdf Saker, L, Lee, K, Cannito, B, Gilmore, A Campbell-Lendrum, D. (2004). Globalization and infectious diseases: A review of the linkages, Social, Economic and Behavioral Research, vol. 2, pp. 1-21. Stallings, B. (2000). Globalization and Liberalization: A View from the Developing Countries, U.N. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, viewed on 07 August 2011, http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/econ/stallings.pdf The Guardian (March 24, 2009). Swine flu prompts EU warning on travel to US’, 28 April 2009, p. 10 [cite] Also see: 1. Analysis of Globalisation Strategy in McDonalds 2. How has the role of the nation-state changed in a globalised society? 3. Is Globalization good or bad? Do you need help writing an Essay Please check out our popular article, how to Write My Essay Summary Reviewer John – our site Admin Review Date 2015-03-18 Reviewed Item Globalisation positive and negative impacts Author Rating 5 How to cite Globalisation Essay: Positive and Negative Impacts on the developing world, Essay examples

Populist and Progressives free essay sample

Populists tended to be poor and uneducated. They had ideas such as government ownership of major industries. The Populists supported labors demand for an eight hour work day. The most controversial Populist demand concerned the money supply. Farmers being both sellers and debtors, saw inflation as a way to improve their standard of living but they wanted to expand the money supply. Farmers convinced the government to use silver as well as gold to back the money supply. The congress passed the Bland-Allison Act and the Sherman Silver Purchase.Populist platform urged congress to authorize free and unlimited minting of silver. The Populists were united in favoring the minting of silver to expand the money supply. Democrats agreed with the Populist, but most Republicans favored the gold standard and a smaller money supply. Democrats agreed on a presidential candidate that was with the mint silver, which was William Jennings Bryan. Having joined the Democrats in a losing cause, their party collapsed. We will write a custom essay sample on Populist and Progressives or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The attempt to unite urban workers and farmers into a mass movement for economic reform had failed.Progressivism began in the early 1 sass. It had roots in several earlier movements such as the Liberal Republican and the Mumps. Progressivism centered in cities. Progressives were middle class and well educated. Progressives stayed in the political mainstream. They aimed not to remake American society, but to merely make the existing system work better and to do this they were willing to make compromises. Progressivism offered the middle class, business leader, and farmers a safe reform. By 1900 the American economy was strong.As a result people of all classes felt more confident and more willing to compromise. Progressives made city and state governments more democratic. They also tightened regulations on business. For Progressives, honest and efficient government was an important goal, but not the ultimate one. They saw government as a tool to be used to promote the welfare of all citizens. Regulating business was, for both city and state governments, a major part of that task. Progressives passed more laws aiming at protecting various groups, especially children.The Populist and Progressives had many similarities. What the Populist fought for the progressives continued on fighting. They fought for many similar things for example, they fought for the eight hour work day. The Populist and Progressives were for the people. They wanted to improve their chances for success, a better economy, improve the American society. As you can conclude, the Populist and Progressives had differences, but they also have similarities. They had different ideas, but were fighting for the same things. What one started the other continued to pursue.

Get Unique Police Brutality Essays Online and for a Reasonable Price

Essay writing can be a tough task for many students nowadays, especially for those who want to guarantee achieving the best scores in all subjects at the end of the term. Many students may not have the time to do enough research into the subject at hand, or may not have the necessary writing skills, especially when it comes to police brutality essays as that may require knowing and understanding many legal terms. Our experienced academic professionals can write your police brutality essay argumentative and deliver it on time. We have been helping students achieve their academic goals for a very long time as all our essay writers have accredited Ph.D. or MSc degrees in many legal and scientific fields. We have professional writers who are experienced in writing legal essays and who can even write a punishments for police brutality essay or a satire essay on police brutality for you. Pay Now for an Essay on Police Brutality Our professional academic writers can write many essays that are related to police brutality. Whether you would like to get a police brutality persuasive essay or a police brutality problem solution essay, rest assured knowing that our professional writers can do that for you. You can also be in touch with your designated writer at all times. Our writers can also help you with different college essay topics; police brutality, legal essays, violence, or racism essays. Did you know that we only use reliable paying methods such as Visa to guarantee the safety of your payments? You can make your first order now by clicking on the link below, and you can guarantee getting your essay on time without having to worry about your writing skills. Also, your personal details, name, e-mail, billing details remain confidential and will not be disclosed to the writer or anyone else. Get a Punishments for Police Brutality Essay From a Trusted Source We offer paper writing services at very affordable prices, and below, you will know why we are your best choice: All our writers have studied in the universities of the United States and the United Kingdom, and they have either Masters or Ph.D. degrees. So, you can totally guarantee that your essay will not have any mistakes or errors when it comes to the English language or the legal knowledge. We take into consideration the financial situation of many students, and we offer our services at very affordable prices. If the received essay isn’t written according to the provided instructions, the student will receive a refund, and we will also make a refund in case the essay wasn’t downloaded. Sign up now and order your first paper or essay on police brutality by clicking on the link at the end of the page.

How to Write a Successful Essay

How to Write a Successful Essay Successful essay requires specific purpose, core idea or subject, and writing skills. When you are starting to write your essay, define what is you main purpose for writing it. You will write most effectively when you will be writing with a purpose. Inexperienced writers have difficulty writing with a purpose, because they see many purposes such as to complete the assignment, to earn a good grade, to publish their writing. These purposes are outside the writing situation, but they certainly influence the way you think about your purpose. For most students the main purpose will be to write successful essay and to receive a good grade. Guiding by this purpose in your essay, you will define it in terms of your teachers writing assignment. After you determine the purpose you will know what kind of information you’ll need, how you want to organize and develop it, and why you think it is important. Use the following guideline in order to determine the purpose for your successful essay: What are the requirements of my essay? If I am writing to fulfill an assignment, do I understand that assignment? If I am writing on my own, do I have definite expectations of what I will accomplish? As I proceed in this project, what do I need to know? Do I have a good understanding of my subject, or do I need more information? Have I considered the possible audiences who might read my writing? What hypothesis can I use as my working purpose? How many different hypotheses can I formulate about my subject? Which of them seems to direct and control my information in the most effective manner? What purpose have I discovered for this essay? Has my purpose changed as I learned more about my subject and audience? If so, in what ways? Have I discovered, by working with a hypothesis or hypotheses, what I want to do in my writing? What is my thesis? How can I state my main idea about my subject in a thesis sentence? Does my thesis limit the scope of my writing to what I can demonstrate in the available space? Does it focus my writing on one specific assertion? Does it make an exact statement about what my writing intends to do? The next step is to define your subject and main idea of the essay. Sometimes that problem seems less complicated because the subject is named in the writing assignment. But assignments vary in how they are worded, what they assume, and what they expect. When you have a free choice of subjects, your problem may appear more complicated. No one is helping you find or focus your subject. On the other hand no one is telling you what to do or how to do it. You are free to make your own decisions. In order to choose your subject and clarify your main idea: Select a subject you know or can learn something about. The more you know about a subject, the more likely you are to make it your own, shaping it according to your own perspective. Seek a subject you can restrict. Divide your subject into small and more specific subjects, the more you can restrict your subject, the more likely you are to control your investigation, identify vivid illustrations, and maintain a unified focus. Before you select a subject, you need to ask yourself three questions: Is it significant? Is it interesting? Is it manageable? Finally, use critical thinking approach in order to form your essay. Apply different writing techniques to compose a successful essay and receive a good grade. Learn those techniques if you don’t know them and constantly practice. It will help you to succeed in your future essay writings.

INTERNATIONAL LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

INTERNATIONAL LAW - Essay Example World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement of Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) is a practical example of hard instrument model of international laws directed at regulation of subsides. A subsidy has been defined concretely to include financial support as well as price support extended by a government that creates an advantageous situation for certain industries. Alturai and Benares are neighbouring countries and currently both hold membership in World Trade Organisation. Alturai is facing recession in its steel industry so consequently, the government has formulated new economic policies. For instance, the government has extended and assured constant supply of iron that is the primary raw material for manufacturing steel. The stable and consistent supply of raw material will enable the steel industry to boost production. Additionally, the implementation of price ceiling is a significant incentive as suppliers will be able to reap the maximum possible profits. The element of increased profit will induce new suppliers to join the industry, prevent the steel industry from crashing, and ensue in more employment opportunities. The policies will also accelerate exports as the government has sanctioned to give credit equivalent to payment of custom duty for exports of steel. Lastly, the government being well aware of the need for innovation and cost competitiveness in the globalized market, has granted monetary assistance equivalent to 1% of sales value to be invested in research and development. Investment in research and development is imperative to ensure survival in today’s volatile, consumer oriented and globalised markets. Firms no longer have to only deal with domestic competition but also take on international competitors. Therefore, it is integral to explore technological opportunities. Foreign exchange earnings from exports are one of the fundamental macro-economic aims of a country. Hence, escalating exportation is not only fruitful for dom estic industry but for foreign exchange reserves as well. According to WTO SCM agreement, a subsidy encompasses three basic elements: a monetary contribution, by a government or public organization and provides a benefit. All of the stated criteria must be met for any financial contribution to be deemed as subsidy (International Trade Centre, 2009 b). Although various kinds of government incentives that do not actually involve financial contributions being made, however these can be thought as subsidies as they undermine competition. The US-Softwood Lumber IV case clearly states in its judgement that subsidies can be direct as well as passed indirectly in order to benefit certain parties. However, the SCM agreement demands that a financial contribution is a prerequisite for subsidy such as grants, loans, guarantees, fiscal incentives. Secondly, the contribution has to be made by or at the order of the government or a public entity within the country. Obviously, a subsidy must prove beneficial for the interest of the recipient; sometimes the benefit is easily identifiable whereas in other instances, it can be complicated (Macrory, Appleton, & Plummer, 2005). The EC-DRAMs Chips case is a clear reminder that a subsidy passed to only 6 out of 200 firms is enough to be labelled as a subsidy established under specificity. Article 1 of ASCM lays down the definition of a subsidy, clause1.1 states (WTO, 1995): â€Å"

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 17

History - Essay Example The era of the Southern Reagan Democrat was ushered in by racist attitudes that perpetuated the stereotypes about race, poverty, and the deterioration of the inner city. The conservative movement of the last half of the 20th century was based on reactionary politics against the social movements that sought a redistribution of legitimate political power. To a large extent the polarization of the political movements have been an ongoing struggle based on the politics of fear brought on by the Cold War in the 1940s and 1950s. All social movements, whether pro-labor or public health care, were labeled as communist inspired socialist programs. The Vietnam War became a significant factor in further defining the conservative movement. According to Meagher (2009), "their most notorious role in the development of the conservative coalition was to devise a post-Vietnam foreign policy in response to the perceived failures of Democrats to confront communism" (p.261). In this way, the conservative movement was able to turn the battle against liberal social programs into a front for the Cold War. The Vietnam War was also instrumental in forming a common cause base, which several other social groups utilized to form coalitions in an effort to solidify voting blocs. Identity politics, the Black Panthers, Civil Rights, feminism, and the environmental movement all fell under the anti-war umbrella. The left viewed Vietnam as a symptom of worldwide oppression. Though this was a worldwide war being waged by the left against imperialism in all its forms, political and economic, the Left was able to be translated it into the broader issues of community and neighborhood problems of housing, jobs, and education (Nakanishi and Lai, 2003, p.172). Social progress was viewed as redistribution of wealth and progressive programs were labeled as socialism. The conservative movement continued to

The Situation Of Hong Kongs Ocean Park

The Situation Of Hong Kongs Ocean Park Introduction In contemporary international business with an increasingly open market, many local enterprises are facing severe competition from large scale international company. In the case of disparities in overall strengths, it is quite essential and necessary for local business to explore new development ideas as well as new space for development. With its continuing effort on re-engineering these years, Hong Kong Ocean Park has turned a profit of 95.7 HK$ millions in 2004. However, with the coming opening of Hong Kong Disneyland, Hong Kong Ocean Park should be well prepared for the challenge from its main competitor by starting from its own characteristics, repositioning, identifying its absolute advantages, carrying out redevelopment plan with the support from its partners and local government. This report is mainly focused on the statement of the current situation of Hong Kong Ocean Park and discussion about its future development. To begin with, there will be some basic introduction of Hong Kong Ocean Park like its mission, vision and so on. Next goes the analysis of external and internal environment. After that, strategic choices will be discussed. And finally, suggestion and recommendation are proposed to the CEO and Board of Ocean Park. 1. Strategy concepts and vocabulary Mission: Ocean Park provides all guests with memorable experiences that combine entertainment and education, while inspiring lifelong learning and conservation advocacy. Our aim is to maintain a healthy financial status, while striving to deliver the highest standards of safety, animal care, products and guest service (Ocean Park Hong Kong, 2010). Goals and objectives: -boost the number of annual visitors from four million in 2004 to five million by 2010; -to make a 0.5 per cent contribution to Hong Kongs gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010. Vision: Ocean Park aspires to be a world leader in providing excellent guest experiences in a theme park environment connecting people with nature (Ocean Park Hong Kong, 2010). And, more specified, its vision is to become number one marine-based park for each family not only from Hong-Kong but also from mainland China. The main performance measures to determine the success of Ocean Park are the following: Firstly, it has high reputation in both Hong Kong and mainland China. As it has been operated for more than 28 years, it become a long-time favorite of several generations, many local people were sympathetic to Ocean Park. Thus, people who had visited the park as children were now bringing their own children to it. Secondly, it had become a fixture of Hong Kongs cultural heritage. Thirdly, the number of visitors in 2004 is 4 m of people (with daily maximum capacity 35 000 people); total revenue in 2004 was 536.2 HK$ m comparing to 428.3 HK$ m in 2003, surplus for 2004 year was 95.7 HK$ m comparing to deficit 4.1 HK$ m in 2003. And finally, its new brand (Whiskers) is recognizable at every house in China and plays a major role in the success of Hong Kong Ocean Park. On one hand, we have stakeholders, who help to achieve parks purpose and mission, such as Hong Kong government, Home Affairs Bureau and the Tourism Board, employees of Ocean Park corporation and parks visitors (customers). On other hand, we have those, who interfere with achieving parks purpose and mission, such as activist groups (certain environmental groups and animal rights activists), who insist on forbidding of buying and transportation exotic animals to park, trade associations and unions (bus companies and taxi drivers), who are against building a mass transit railway (MTR), and competitors, who want to regain the market share. 2. External Environment Key driving forces and their ranking Raise and spend HK$5.55 billion from private and government loans to revamp parks well-worn product line (approval of development plan) Global changing in tourism for Hong-Kong and Asia-Pacific region (development of tourism in region) Disneylands arrival worldwide success of main competitor-Disneyland, coming to Hong Kong (Disneys success or failure) PESTEL ANALYSIS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS for amusement park industry 1) Threat of new entry As entertainment and theme park industry requires a lot of money (for park equipment, human resources maintenance), the entry barrier is high. Also lots of time is required for parks planning, construction, development and launching, a lot of licenses and legalization is needed (safety, sanitary, security etc). Besides this, a large space of land is essential to the development of the amusement park, especially in Hong Kong, where the land price in real estate market is high. 2) Threat of rivalry With low differentiation of products visitors choice will be based on price and service only. As a result, there is an additional pressure on the price and service competition. Ocean Park needs to carry out different plans and activities such as redevelopment and introduction of new attractions. There are no rivals with exactly the same range of products. Disneys arrival is only expected. 3) Threat of substitution In the familys leisure activities segment, where Ocean Park is operated, many organizations provide different kind of services. These include Cultural Center, Zoo and Botanic gardens. Thus, Hong Kong, as a metropolis, has a variety of cinemas, karaoke clubs, family cafes, concert halls and museums. Such services cant offer full range of activities, which Ocean Park provides, but they have an impact on number of customers, especially during the days of unique events, such as blockbusters premieres or festivals. 4) Bargaining power of buyers (visitors) As Ocean Park successfully established and positioned its image with unique attractions, it has become a must see place for foreign visitors. The tourist bargaining power is low due to it is hard for visitors to get the same experience at any other place as they have had in Ocean Park. Local residents have a high buying power as they have many other choices for leisure. For instance, they can go to Wetland Park for ecotourism and nature and wildlife experience, they can also go to movies or fitness club for entertainment purpose. Moreover, the switching cost is relatively low for them. 5) The power of suppliers Suppliers have quite high power. Thus, construction elements of amusement rides are huge and complicated, thats why park is highly tied with supplier. Additionally, supplier is responsible for maintenance of objects he has developed for park. This caused in higher dependence of selected constructor. Otherwise, this market is developed and the choice of suppliers is become greater now. While constructing buildings (hotels, etc) with particular contractor park cant easily change to another contractor because of high switching cost). The situation with the exotic animals is such as Ocean Park can buy in particular country only. The underlying dynamics, which are driving five forces 1) Aftermath of economic crises and increasing in number of suppliers will decrease supplier power. 2) Disneys arrival decrease entry threat in entertainment park industry and increase competitors rivalry. 3) Developing of new technologies will affect rising of substitutes. Also competitors with new technologies will win (in this aspect Disney has an advantage) 4) Disneys arrival increase demands in diversification of Ocean Parks products. 5) Ticket price advantages (185 HK$ for adult ticket at Ocean Park compared to 295HK$ for the same ticket at Disney). 6) The main rival (Disney) is also same market oriented (families with children), therefore, this could rise buyers power. Based on the five forces analysis, the main dominant force of industry is substitutes. Less importance has suppliers and further buyers. Looking forward, the five forces will change in this way: -Rivalry will increase with Disneys arrival; -Buyer power will increase slightly; -Substitute threat will also increase; -Entry threat decrease dramatically; -Supplier power will also decrease. Five forces much more affect Wetland Park Ocean Parks key competitor, located at the northern part of Tin Shui Wai, in Yuen Long, than Ocean Park itself, because Wetland parks products are less differentiated. It has a 10,000m2 visitor centre, Wetland Interactive World, and a 60-hectare Wetland Reserve (Hong Kong Wetland Park, 2010). Arrival of other competitor Disney and its substitutes doesnt affect much Ocean Park because it has its own niche. More differentiation of new products, directed mainly to Chinese native culture will affect rivalry, substitutes and buyers. Unique high-quality products and services also will influence buyers. For seeking suppliers big impact will have Internet and special web-sites with best quality of service, characteristics, recommendations and prices. Strategic group/space analysis for Ocean Park There are 2 key competitors for Ocean Park: 1) Hong Kong Wetland Park, mentioned above. It is a conservation, education and tourism facility, consisted of large visitor centre, Wetland Interactive World and a Wetland Reserve. This park provided visitors with opportunities to observe wildlife, awareness and understanding the values of wetlands throughout the East Asian Region and beyond, wetlands conservation. So, its mainly about wetlands. The Hong Kong Wetland Park is also going to be a world-class ecotourism facility to serve both local residents and overseas tourists (Hong Kong Wetland Park, 2010). Compare to Disneyland and Ocean Park, Hong Kong Wetland Park has different facilities and product range (such as themed exhibition galleries, a theatre, a souvenir shop, an indoor play area), provide different services and thus, like Disney and Ocean Park, has its own niche. The range of facilities provided is the narrowest among 3 parks. Therefore, Wetland Park cant meet demand of those visitors, who are looking for excitements and extreme pleasure, which can be found on a rides at 2 other parks. 2) Hong Kong Disneyland, arriving in a nearest future. After 28 years of operating as a near monopoly, Ocean Park would soon have to compete with one of the biggest names in the entertainment and theme park industry. Moreover, Disneyland targets the same group of parks customers families with children. It has well-known brand and reputation. Its the world leader in terms of entertainment. Several of Disneys characters (Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and Winnie the Pooh) were household names all over the world, including in Hong Kong. Image, which Disney company holds almost for a century (The Walt Disney Company was founded in 1923) and Disneyland itself (first park was opened in 1955) for half a century (compared to 28 years of Ocean park) helps to attract visitors not only from Hong Kong and midland China, but also from different part of the globe, especially those who are from the USA and Europe (The Walt Disney Company, 2010). But, despite of distinguish of Chinese culture, Disney characters may be not as popular in Hong Kong as Ocean Parks mascot, Whiskeys. Among other advantages of Disneyland are: location (it could be reached in just 10 minutes from Hong Kongs airport and less than 30 minutes from downtown Hong Kong); the price claimed to be the least expensive among the five Disney amusement parks throughout the world; the area of Disneyland is 310 acres compared to 215 acres of Ocean Park; 5 times greater investment than for Ocean Park; world-renowned innovation; high customer service standards. Strategic groups within the entertainment and theme park industry in Hong Kong Broad Ocean Park Disneyland Product range Narrow Wetland Park Global Local Geographical Scope On one hand, Ocean Park is a part of entertainment and theme industry. Its market is families with children. On other hand, Disneyland, its future competitor, applies to the same market. Despite of this, Ocean Park has its own niche with visitors from mainland China and products range, combining entertainment and leisure as well as education. 3. Internal Environment Ocean Parks resources 1) Tangible: financial private and government loans; expected HK$5.55 billion investment; HK$145 billion economic effectiveness; surplus from operations in 2004 was HK$182.2 million on revenues of HK$536.2 million; net current assets HK$283.2. physical Sea World, marine life and real animals: 35 rides and attractions; favorable and convenient location on the southern side of Hong Kong Island; wide range of new activities, such as the Abyss Turbo Drop thrill ride, seasonal and special events (Chinese New Year, Easter Holiday, Summer Holiday, Halloween and Christmas), popular water-related activities, interactive activities with animals, edutainment programs, successful Sea Jelly Spectacular and so on. 2) Intangible: long-time reputation of park with government, customers; new brand sea lion named Whiskers; cultural heritage of Hong Kong; great number of repeated visitors. 3) Human: 37 100 employees, their skills and knowledge; Thomas Mehrmann, new CEO of Ocean Park, and his previous experience at US-based Six Flags Corporation. Main capabilities of Ocean Park 1) New products, facilities and services development capability continually adding new features and attractions. Therefore, in a nearest future Ocean Park will become one of the best marine-based theme park with strong connection with nature. 2) Research and development, marketing and sales capabilities: plan to refurbish and rename Ocean Parks 2 major areas (the Lowland and the Highland), new hotels to be developed, including a five-star boutique, spa-type hotel, plan to open offices in the major urban areas of Guangzhou, Beijing and Shanghai to enhance promotional activities in Hong Kong and attract more mainland visitors. 3) New incentive compensation that linked employee compensation to the financial performance of park. The competences of Ocean Park local market loyalty, customers trust and love long-term reputation, distinct Chinese characteristics recognizable brand education in combination with recreation cost and differentiation of product, encouraged visitors to return to the park distinctive work culture, with its own norms and practices Competitive Advantages of Ocean Park over Disneyland cultural heritage of Hong Kong, orientation mostly on visitors from midland China first-mover advantages primary focus of Ocean Park on real nature and wildlife in contrast to Disneys strengths in cartoon characters, castles, virtual reality and fantasy no need to engage in high-profile advertising and publicity, rely more on word-of-mouth more diverse and wide range of products price advantage: the admission price for Disneyland is expected more than twice higher for child and one and a half higher for adult than price of Ocean park. And visitors from mainland China are very price sensitive. SmartFun Annual Pass program with unlimited admission to the park for its holders within a year, and discounted prices for food, souvenirs orientation not only on entertainment, but also on education of visitors special events for traditional Chinese holidays (Chinese New Year) besides events for western holidays (Halloween) Despite Ocean Park build its strategy on its resources, capabilities and competences, it cant relay only on them they need to be developed, innovated and refreshed, because they may begin to look dated and shabby for their visitors. For example, it can import more species, construct water/sea-related facilities and hotels. Overall, Ocean Park resources are sustainable, with some exception such as, the impact on these resources from environmental groups opposition. SWOT ANALYSIS Positive impact Negative impact Internal environment Strengths -diversified and wide range of amusements (thrills, animals, seasonal and special events) -product line revamp -highly linked with culture of mainland Chinese visitors, knows their demands and behavior -the main, oldest and most famous amusement park in the country, hometown favorite -28 years of operating as a near monopoly -no need to engage in high-profile advertising and publicity, rely more on word-of-mouth -strong business connection to the local government (support from the government of Hong Kong and mainland China) -previous experience of Thomas Mehrmann (new CEO of Ocean Park) in theme park industry (at US-based Six Flags Corporation) -local market loyalty -positive image of park Weaknesses -located on a hills-hard to get to some riders-thats why visitors experienced rides only once -different facilities are old and un-attractive and need renovation -a lot of activities depend on weather -no substantial capital investment External environment Opportunities -focusing on delivering mainland Chinas visitors as well as foreign visitors -plan to build a mass transit railway (MTR) station to connect Ocean Park to the subway grid -the development and improvement of the amusement machinery, which can impact the services and features of the organization and its relationship to their foreign visitors -raise the standards of park with Disneyland arrival fostering sponsorships -plan for building new hotels (boutique and spa-type) orientation on new luxury tourism market segment Threats -economical instability (such as the Asian financial crisis of 1999-2001, lasted for 3 difficult years for Ocean Park), outbreak of different diseases, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 (Both these factors can affect number of visitors and their buying behavior, worsening the park financial situation) -arrival of Disneyland Hong Kong -location on valuable real estate: it could be shut down and its land could be sold off for other recreational or commercial purposes. 4. Strategic Choices Business-level strategy Hong Kong Ocean Park uses hybrid strategy, which seeks simultaneously to achieve differentiation and low price relative to competitors (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, 2008). Most activities were carried out based on this Strategy. 1) Hong Kong Ocean Parks admission fee is Adult HK$185, Child HK$95 which is lower that of Disneys: Adult HK$295(weekdays) HK$350(holidays); Child HK$210(weekdays), HK$250(holidays). 2) Hong Kong Ocean Park did not spend too much on new fixed-asset attractions due to short life circles of them and difficulty in coming up with an encore. 3) It keeps part attractions fresh, novel and exciting while minimize costs. Instead of buying in new attractions, Hong Kong Ocean Park focused on culture innovation. Some relative low-cost ideas proved successful: Seasonal and special events attracted repeat visits every year. 4) Hong Kong Ocean Park did not take part in highly cost advertising campaign. Compared to its competitors, Hong Kong Ocean Park tended to rely more on word-of-mouth to generate additional business. Since Hong Kong Ocean Park was the local residents favorite theme park and had high reputation in Hong Kong even in Asia. Hong Kong Ocean Park had profound influence on several generations in Hong Kong, people who had visited the park as children were now bringing their own children to visit the park. Actually, Hong Kong Ocean Park was locally born and bred and had become a fixture of Hong Kongs cultural heritage. 5) Hong Kong Ocean Park had a clear organizational structure, no too much redundancy. It can save labor cost. 6) Hong Kong Ocean Park had identified its strategic customers clearly; those are Local tourists and Mainland Tourists. So, it carried out several plans to attract its key customers. a) It hosts several festival events and activities to complement its park offerings with distinct features, like Chinese New Year. It had distinct Chinese characteristics that reflected its roots in Hong Kong, a quintessentially Chinese city. b) Retained its unique SmartFun Annual Pass Program and tactically reviewed and developed value-added benefits to build sales and local customers loyalty. This program encouraged annual pass holders to visit the park repeatedly. Visitors to the park would spend money in other areas to boost revenue beyond the admission fees. 7) Hong Kong Ocean Parks had clear and definite position; that was to become the best marine-based theme park in the world need a source here!!, to provide customers with a place for recreation and education about marine life and environmental conservation. This unique strategic position is differentiated Hong Kong Ocean Park from its competitors and ensure its advantages over the main competitors. Competitive strategies of Hong Kong Ocean Parks competitor Disneyland was regarded as Hong Kong Ocean Parks main competitor and it adopted a differentiation strategy. With a differentiation strategy, a company provides products or services that offer more benefits than those of its competitors which are widely valued by buyers. The aim is to make a company advantageous over its competitors by offering better products or services at the same price or increasing profits by a slightly higher price (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, 2008). More specifically, Disneyland took below action plans in line with its differentiation strategy: 1) The selling points of Disneyland were Disney cartoon characters, fantasy world and famous Americans brands, 23 rides and attractions. 2) Disney has strong abilities to create fantasy and virtual situations, and it was going to leverage the benefits of animation into its amusement parks. 3) There would be two hotels in Hong Kong Disneyland which could provide guests with better recreation facilities. 4) There was going to be a subway station linking Disneyland to other parts of Hong Kong which enable Disneyland to has convenient transportation advantage over its competitors. 5) Unique Disney World-styled wedding ceremony was offered to guests in Disneyland. Strategic direction In 2005 Ocean Park had good business characteristics it became profitable, with significant market share, effective management team and successful recognizable brand. Otherwise, arriving of Disneyland could negatively impact on success of a company. To avoid this, Ocean Park must define a right strategic direction. Most preferable direction is product development. This means that Ocean Park need to improve its products range and number of additional services. Thus, by offering new wide set of entertainment and educational products for all target groups, the company can gain advantages to harden its brand, attract new consumers and retrieve lost customers, who not engaged with old facilities and services any more. Despite the international tourists is a minor group in customers totals, company could start to develop a new markets. This development includes marketing campaign directed to tourists from selected countries and making contracts with tour agents. Realization of these methods helps to increase tourists share when local citizens share will decline after Disneyland coming. International Strategy International Strategy for Ocean Park is limited to marketing policy for preferable countries. The main reason of this limitation is that Ocean Park cant be expanded to other countries like Disneyland does, for example. Its based on local flora and fauna and strongly attached to Chinese culture. Also other countries may not have such resources. Ocean Park is a unique, not common product. Not every country even needs it. Thus, expansion is considered in case of marketing development only, such as connection with potential tourists, opening of offices, TV advertising and so on, which helps to enhance promotional activities in Hong Kong and attract visitors. CAGE FRAMEWORK for Ocean Park Cultural distance: With increasing popularity of the Ocean Park, the CEO and Broad of Ocean Park need to think about it attractiveness to tourists in case of the whole world. Indeed, Ocean Park activities are affected by cultural heritage, but it only helps park to attract tourists not only from Asia, but also from all over the world. High priorities should be given to those countries, from where the number of tourist is significant. Administrative and political distance: Its important to consider at first countries with good and stable relationships with China and Hong Kong. Geographic distance: High priority should be given to those countries, from which the number of tourist is significant, then to neighbor countries. Therefore, Ocean Park need to make agreements with tour agents in these countries, organize different sales and advertising, so, expand its marketing presence in these countries. Economic distance: The economic circumstances of a country is an important factor when carrying out international strategy. Therefore, the amusement theme park cant be developed well in the countries with bad economic circumstances. Thus, the main orientation of Ocean Park will be on countries with high income per capita or high level of consumer wealth. 5. General introduction and future of development Hong Kong Tourism Since the reunification (except during the SARS outbreak in), the Hong Kong tourism industry has performed well. In 2004, Hong Kong tourism industry reached new heights, with 21810630 tourists, increasing by 40.4% compared to the figures of 15536839 in 2003 (subject to SARS impact), meanwhile, the revenue of tourism amounted to 91.8 billion Hong Kong dollars, up to 9.6% over 2003 (http://www.discoverhongkong.com). Hong Kong government has always been thinking of a new positioning and development direction. In the Governments policy report, it is identified that Hong Kong to be Backed by the Mainland and towards the world, to be an international metropolis providing quality services, and it is clearly stated the new policy as Market Leads, Government Facilitates. need a source here!! Tourism is the most robust momentum in services industries, one of the pillar industries of Hong Kong and is paid high attention by Hong Kong government. In the new situation and new policy paradigm, the Government begins to make overall planning for the tourism industry, which means that the Government will take more proactive measures to promote the development of tourism (http://www.gov.hk). In 2004 mainland visitors continued to be the majority of Hong Kong tourism with a number of 12245862 tourists, increasing by 44.6%. Free exercise program was the driving force to promote further expansion of mainland market. Moreover, from July 1, 2004, the free exercise extended to 32 cities in South China and East China, 100 million 58 million residents from these cities could apply for travel to Hong Kong with the name of free exercise. In 2004, there were 426 million free exercise visitors, accounting for 34.8% of the total number of tourists; which rose more than twice than 134 million tourists in 2003 (http://www.discoverhongkong.com). With the support from the government as well as the increasing trend of visitors travelling to Hong Kong, it is predicted that there will be a bright future for Hong Kong tourism which will directly promote the development of them park industry in Hong Kong. 6. Suggestions to Hong Kong Ocean Park Generally speaking, Hong Kong Ocean Park, with Disneylands arrival, should transform hybrid strategy to differentiation strategy. More specifically, it involves two main parts: marketing strategy as short term goals and infrastructure construction as long term objective. However, it should always stick to its mission and vision of delivering the highest standards of safety, animal care, products and guest service, be a world leader in providing excellent guest experiences in a theme park environment connecting people with nature. put a source here! Marketing strategy Product: Keep on introducing a variety of interactive activities with animals. For example: the Ocean theatre that staged dolphin and sea lion shows every day. Keep focus on seasonal and special events like Chinese New Year and Halloween. For instance, during summer holiday, some water-related activities such as water-war of foam parties should be organized which target teenagers. Develop a niche products, e.g. Sea World-styled wedding ceremony. Provide more sophisticated products to its customers than Disney. For example, build boutique hotel and spa-style hotels for tourists with higher income, expectations and needs. Such, move to a new market segment, even luxury tourism. Price: Concentrate on giving value for the money the customers have paid. It is quite essential to attract mainland visitors who are more sensitive on price. Provide guests with more amusement facilities at a lower price than Disneyland to attract more visits. As to the local residents, it is suggested to offer them the annual pass as it creates loyalty and a real sense of value by encouraging annual pass holders to visit the park repeatedly. Some special offer to different groups in the society is also recommended, for example, a discount for students during holidays. As a step of moving from hybrid to differentiation strategy after Disneys arrival, at first, Ocean Park should keep its prices, but later, with differentiation of its products range, the prices could be increased. Promotion: Make full use of word of mouth marketing and the advantage of being the localized theme park. Proceed the promotion through the unique feeling of growing together with Hong Kong (Yan Le, 2007). Advertising campaign in Hong Kong can be carried out through the interactive quiz of the knowledge about animals to inspire their interest in nature and wildlife. As there is a significantly increasing number of mainland visitors to Hong Kong, it is strongly suggested that Hong Kong Ocean Park should establish agencies in major cities in China to showcase its unique attractions and attract more mainland visitors. Expand the marketing campaign to international markets to attract foreign tourists. In case of Disneys arrival, Ocean Park can start more aggressive marketing politic for attracting tourists from all over the wor

Aspects of Poetry

To be able to explain the aspects of poetry to you all, I thought I would break the mini lesson down into two parts. It will help you understand the differences between a poem and a sonnet, and will make it easier to absorb all of the components involved. First we will start with a sonnet. Let’s start by talking about just what a sonnet is. â€Å"Before Shakespeare’s day, the word â€Å"sonnet† meant simply â€Å"little song,† i. e. , a short lyric poem† (poetry. about. com, 2010). By the 1200’s, the sonnet had come to be known as a form of poetry that is comprised of 14 lines.The first type of sonnet was the Italian version, also known as the Petrarchan sonnet. The Italian sonnet is separated into two segments by two different clusters of rhyming sounds. The first 8 lines are called the octave and it serves as the question. The remaining 6 lines are called the sestet. The sestet serves as the answer to the octave, or the question. Later we c ame to know the English version, or the Shakespearean version. The English sonnet differs from the Italian sonnet in the way is broken down. The English sonnet has four divisions, not two.You will notice the breaks between the divisions. The first three parts are called the quatrain, and the last part is called the couplet. The couplet is an observation of the first three parts, or quatrains. I will be breaking down the aspects of a sonnet. We will discuss the theme, the language usage, and the metaphorical references that are found within the sonnet that I have chosen. It was a tough decision, but the sonnet I chose to discuss is â€Å"How do I love thee? Let me count the ways† by Elizabeth Barrett Browning [1806 – 1861] Here is the sonnet:The first aspect we will tackle is the theme. Common themes can be related to love, death, war, and others. The obvious theme in the chosen sonnet is love and the sonneteer’s feelings towards her husband to be, Robert Brownin g. It is a beautiful sonnet and shows just how intense her love is for her partner. The second aspect we will discuss is the use of language in the sonnet, or figures of speech. You will regularly see the use of metaphors, similes, personifications and irony in sonnets.An example of a metaphor in this sonnet is when the author states â€Å"I love thee freely, as men strive for Right† she is comparing the depth of her love with the passion a man can feel when he is defending his rights and beliefs. On the very next line, the author uses simile by stating that â€Å"I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise†. She is sizing up her love with her faith, or religion. Lastly, I believe that the author displays personification when she writes that â€Å"the ends of Being and ideal Grace† she is personifying her love with life and religion.It is the main theme that pops from the sonnet. By and large, the sonnet is just a beautiful work that expresses extremely deep an d intense feelings about love for another person. I will be discussing the importance of word usage in poem. The poem I chose to discuss is â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband† by Anne Bradstreet [c. 1612 – 1672]. Word choice in a poem is the one key aspect to get the message across in a poem. I admit that there are some poems that you have to read over and over again to begin to get an idea of what the author is talking about.Anne Bradstreet created a lovely tribute to the husband and she is expressing just how deep and intense her love is for her partner. By using words that really bring home the powerful sentiments, the reader can comprehend almost immediately what the author is expressing. Bradstreet writes â€Å"I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. she is helping the reader understand how big her love is by making a comparison to a monetary concept. She also writes â€Å"My love is such that rivers cannot quench†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. here she i s making a comparison of the extreme love she feels for her husband with a physical thirst that not even a river can satisfy.That statement is intense! Lastly, Bradstreet writes â€Å"Then while we live, in love let's so persevere†¦That when we live no more, we may live ever†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Such is the adoration for her husband that she is expressing that their love will continue even in death. Using an effective word choice in a poem will make or break a poem. It is the wording that will help get the author’s point across to the reader. â€Å"Words are capable of creating beauty or ugliness, creating mood, creating imagery, sounds, and smells† (Taylor, M, 2006). After reading this poem over and over again, I can say that I feel the love that Bradstreet is expressing.This is a great example of using the right words to get a point across. Whether you’re reading a poem or an epic novel, if you are not choosing the right words, you will not grab your readers.R eferences: Holman, B. Snyder, M. (2010). Sonnet. Retrieved from http://poetry. about. com/od/poeticforms/g/sonnet. htm Taylor, Marilyn. â€Å"Tips For Finding the Right Words. † Writer 119. 12 (2006) Warn, E. (2010). Anne Bradstreet: â€Å"to my dear and loving husband†. Retrieved from http://www. poetryfoundation. org/learning/poem-guide. html? guide_id=238168

Problems Human Service Clients are facing Essay

Clients are rarely dealing with just one issue at a time. Individuals, groups, and communities are facing a wide range of problems. These problems could range from housing needs, food, mental illness, drug abuse, or family issues, which may be difficult to deal with on just one level. Those individuals or groups and the problems they are facing are the reason why professional Human Service Helpers are needed in the world. In this paper, I will be discussing some of the problems the clients face and what helping skills human service workers use to assist the client with dealing with those issues and acquiring a better quality of life. The developmental perspective, according to the text, is described as human development being a continuous process and that there are certain phases and stages that individuals experience during their life span. (Woodside & McClam 2012) Even though every human will go through the 8 stages of life which is Basic trust vs. Basic mistrust; autonomy vs. sham e and doubt; initiative vs. guilt; industry vs. inferiority; identity vs. role confusion; intimacy vs. isolation; generativity vs. stagnation and ego integrity vs. despair, we don’t experience any of these stages the same. Erikson’s stage model is one of the many perspectives on the developmental of humans. For example, the basic trust versus basic mistrust means humans learn at the infant stage to trust in an environment that consistently provides for their needs. If a child did not receive adequate care as a child, human development may be affected causing issues later on in the future. Developmental tasks are addressed within the individuals’ social context and the context may not support individual development. (Woodside & McClam 2012). Using a developmental model to view the clients’ problems may help give the human service helper with a basic understanding of the process of growth and change that individuals normally experience. Some clients deal with issues like losing a job, natural disasters, accidents and major changes in life are often viewed in the situational perspective. These are problems that  occur because a client is in a particular place at a particular time. An example of situational perspective is a client at a group home for women was raped by a co- worker and was experiencing issues with trusting people which caused her to have issues with going to work and her work performance. She was experiencing anxiety, anger and shame. She was referred to a legal team and different agencies that helped her deal with the situation and allowed her to take responsibility of the situation and change it. Differences in behavior, customs and traditions can be problems the clients deal with and can cause situational problems as well. Another situation that could create major problems for clients are unemployment, this situation could easily cause psychological and physiological issues as well. This situation can cause economic difficulties that the whole family may have to face as a whole. Professional helpers can identify a client’s problem by establishing whether the client’s needs are being met. This theory is called the Hierarchical perspective which was described by Abraham Maslow but later divided into two categories: (D) deficiency needs and (B) being needs. (Woodside & McClam 2012) This perspective states that if a person is not able to meet their needs such as food and shelter, they will not be able to focus on other needs such as self esteem and independence. With problems such as child abuse, neglect or removing a child from a home, many of their physical, safety and self esteem needs may not be met and they will need help with getting these needs met in order to restore them to a supportive healthy environment. When needs are met, concern shifts to higher-order needs such as self esteem, independence and self actualization. (Woodside & McClam 2012) Within the societal perspective, problems are experienced by clients as a result of changes in the society that has left the client in an unfamiliar situation. A major societal problem that clients are dealing with is homelessness. I have learned that communities are experiencing homelessness on all levels due to high unemployment rates, mental illness and company downsizing and merging responsibilities now. The mental illness concerns are not being attended to adequately which is causing a lot of people to not be able to hold jobs, advance in jobs, etc. Some clients may turn to criminal beha vior to make ends meet which causes other problems like clients ending up in the criminal justice system. Other clients who may experience societal changes are veterans who are mentally ill and children  who are not able to take care of themselves and are relying on other clients whose dealing with societal issues themselves. These children clients are at a higher risk for domestic abuse, living with family who are dealing with substance abuse or mental health issues such as depression or anxiety. The environmental influence perspective emphasizes the importance of an individual’s environment on the person’s history, living situation and current problems they are experiencing. (Woodside & McClam 2012) Understanding the influences of the environment to the client will definitely be helpful when it comes to helping the client identify their problem. The most immediate influence on an individual are family which include parents interactions coming up in life, age and gender of siblings, and whether or not a parent or guardian was absent from the clients life. The client’s neighborhood could be an influence as well. These influences can determine a person thought process and problem solving abilities throughout life. For example if a child lives in an environment where the parents abused drugs, participated in gangs and crime, then more than likely those influences are going to stay with that child and they will grow up thinking it’s the norm to engage in that behavior. Problems can be viewed in many different perspectives and the range of problems a client has can occur at different stages in a client’s life span. The ranges of problems faced by clients are vast and unique to each individual, therefore it is imperative for the human service worker to understand each client and how each perspective relates to the client. Clients become part of the human service delivery system because they are experiencing a range of problems that has affected their quality of life. In most cases, there is never just one problem the client is facing, therefor the human service worker should be skilled in communication, listening, and problem-solving skills as well as knowledge of human needs. References Woodside, M.R. & McClam, T. (2012). An Introduction to Human Services (7th ed).